Abstract
β-Aminobutyric acid (BABA) is known to induce resistance to microbial pathogens, nematodes and insects in several host plant/pest systems. The present study was undertaken to determine whether a similar effect of BABA occurred against the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, in citrus. A 25 mM drench application of BABA significantly reduced the number of eggs/plant as compared with a water control, whereas 200 and 100 mM applications of BABA reduced the numbers of nymphs/plant and adults/plants, respectively. A 5 mM foliar application of BABA significantly reduced the number of adults but not eggs or nymphs when compared with a water control treatment. In addition, leaf-dip bioassays using various concentrations (25–500 mM) of BABA indicated no direct toxic effect on 2nd and 5th instar nymphs or adult D. citri. BABA-treated plants were characterized by significantly lower levels of iron, magnesium, phosphorus, sodium, sulfur and zinc as compared with control plants. The expression level of the PR-2 gene (β-1,3-glucanase) in BABA-treated plants that were also damaged by D. citri adult feeding was significantly higher than in plants exposed to BABA, D. citri feeding alone or control plants. Our results indicate the potential for using BABA as a systemic acquired resistance management tool for D. citri.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
A 25 mM BABA drench reduced psyllid eggs per plant versus water control.
- Treatment
- 25 mM drench application of BABAe0
- Interactor
- Diaphorina citri
Diaphorina citrit0pest - Outcome
- number of eggs/plante0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- water controle0
CitrusOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A 25 mM drench application of BABA significantly reduced the number of eggs/plant as compared with a water control”
t0“Diaphorina citri, by β-aminobutyric acid in citrus”
Claim · model-written summary
A 200 mM BABA drench reduced psyllid nymphs per plant.
- Treatment
- 200e0
- Interactor
- Diaphorina citriDiaphorina citrit0pest
- Outcome
- numbers of nymphs/plante0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“200 and 100 mM applications of BABA reduced the numbers of nymphs/plant and adults/plants, respectively”
t0“Diaphorina citri, by β-aminobutyric acid in citrus”
Claim · model-written summary
A 100 mM BABA drench reduced psyllid adults per plant.
- Treatment
- 100 mM applications of BABAe0
- Interactor
- Diaphorina citriDiaphorina citrit0pest
- Outcome
- adults/plantse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“200 and 100 mM applications of BABA reduced the numbers of nymphs/plant and adults/plants, respectively”
t0“Diaphorina citri, by β-aminobutyric acid in citrus”
Claim · model-written summary
A 5 mM BABA foliar application reduced psyllid adults versus water control.
- Treatment
- 5 mM foliar application of BABAe0
- Interactor
- Diaphorina citriDiaphorina citrit0pest
- Outcome
- number of adultse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- water control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A 5 mM foliar application of BABA significantly reduced the number of adults but not eggs or nymphs when compared with a water control treatment”
t0“Diaphorina citri, by β-aminobutyric acid in citrus”
Claim · model-written summary
A 5 mM BABA foliar application did not reduce psyllid eggs or nymphs.
- Treatment
- 5 mM foliar application of BABAe0
- Interactor
- Diaphorina citriDiaphorina citrit0pest
- Outcome
- eggs or nymphse0
- Direction
- note0
- Comparator
- water control treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A 5 mM foliar application of BABA significantly reduced the number of adults but not eggs or nymphs when compared with a water control treatment”
t0“Diaphorina citri, by β-aminobutyric acid in citrus”
Claim · model-written summary
BABA had no direct toxicity to second and fifth instar psyllid nymphs or adults.
- Treatment
- 25–500 mMe0
- Interactor
- D. citriDiaphorina citrie0pestt0
- Outcome
- no direct toxic effecte0
- Direction
- no directe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“various concentrations (25–500 mM) of BABA indicated no direct toxic effect on 2nd and 5th instar nymphs or adult D. citri”
t0“Diaphorina citri, by β-aminobutyric acid in citrus”
Claim · model-written summary
BABA-treated plants had lower iron, magnesium, and phosphorus levels than controls.
- Treatment
- BABA-treatede0
- Outcome
- levels of iron, magnesium, phosphoruse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BABA-treated plants were characterized by significantly lower levels of iron, magnesium, phosphorus, sodium, sulfur and zinc as compared with control plants”
t0“Diaphorina citri, by β-aminobutyric acid in citrus”
Claim · model-written summary
BABA-treated plants had lower sodium, sulfur, and zinc levels than controls.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BABA-treated plants were characterized by significantly lower levels of iron, magnesium, phosphorus, sodium, sulfur and zinc as compared with control plants”
t0“Diaphorina citri, by β-aminobutyric acid in citrus”
Claim · model-written summary
BABA plus psyllid feeding increased PR-2 expression versus BABA alone, feeding alone, or controls.
- Treatment
- BABA-treated plants that were also damaged by D. citri adult feedinge0
- Interactor
- D. citriDiaphorina citrie0pestt0
- Gene
- PR-2e0
- Outcome
- expression levele0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- plants exposed to BABA, D. citri feeding alone or control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The expression level of the PR-2 gene (β-1,3-glucanase) in BABA-treated plants that were also damaged by D. citri adult feeding was significantly higher than in plants exposed to BABA, D. citri feeding alone or control plants”
t0“Diaphorina citri, by β-aminobutyric acid in citrus”
The same questions in other papers
Diaphorina citri · molecular: expression · CitrusResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
infection · molecular: expression · CitrusPositive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →application · Diaphorina citri · CitrusPositive and negative results
11 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
9 papers more in this group
See all 13 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.