Abstract
In addition to acting as photoprotective compounds, carotenoids also serve as precursors in the biosynthesis of several phytohormones and proposed regulatory signals. Here, we report a signaling process derived from carotenoids that regulates early chloroplast and leaf development. Biosynthesis of the signal depends on ζ-carotene desaturase activity encoded by the ζ-CAROTENE DESATURASE (ZDS)/CHLOROPLAST BIOGENESIS5 (CLB5) gene in Arabidopsis thaliana. Unlike other carotenoid-deficient plants, zds/clb5 mutant alleles display profound alterations in leaf morphology and cellular differentiation as well as altered expression of many plastid- and nucleus-encoded genes. The leaf developmental phenotypes and gene expression alterations of zds/clb5/spc1/pde181 plants are rescued by inhibitors or mutations of phytoene desaturase, demonstrating that phytofluene and/or ζ-carotene are substrates for an unidentified signaling molecule. Our work further demonstrates that this signal is an apocarotenoid whose synthesis requires the activity of the carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase CCD4.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
zds/clb5 mutant alleles show profound alterations in leaf morphology and cellular differentiation in Arabidopsis
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thalianae0 - Material
- zds/clb5 mutant allelese1
- Outcome
- leaf morphology and cellular differentiatione1
- Qualifier
- profound alterationse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“gene in Arabidopsis thaliana”
e1“zds/clb5 mutant alleles display profound alterations in leaf morphology and cellular differentiation as well as altered expression of many plastid- and nucleus-encoded genes”
Claim · model-written summary
zds/clb5 mutant alleles show altered expression of many plastid- and nucleus-encoded genes in Arabidopsis
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Material
- zds/clb5 mutant allelese1
- Outcome
- expression of many plastid- and nucleus-encoded genese1
- Qualifier
- alterede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“gene in Arabidopsis thaliana”
e1“zds/clb5 mutant alleles display profound alterations in leaf morphology and cellular differentiation as well as altered expression of many plastid- and nucleus-encoded genes”
Claim · model-written summary
Inhibitors or mutations of phytoene desaturase rescue the leaf phenotypes and gene expression alterations of zds/clb5/spc1/pde181 plants
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Treatment
- inhibitors or mutations of phytoene desaturasee2
- Outcome
- leaf developmental phenotypes and gene expression alterationse2
- Direction
- rescuede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“gene in Arabidopsis thaliana”
e2“The leaf developmental phenotypes and gene expression alterations of zds/clb5/spc1/pde181 plants are rescued by inhibitors or mutations of phytoene desaturase”
Claim · model-written summary
Phytofluene and/or ζ-carotene are substrates for an unidentified signaling molecule in Arabidopsis
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Compound
- phytofluene and/or ζ-carotenee3
- Outcome
- substrates for an unidentified signaling moleculee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“gene in Arabidopsis thaliana”
e3“demonstrating that phytofluene and/or ζ-carotene are substrates for an unidentified signaling molecule”
Claim · model-written summary
The zds-derived signal is an apocarotenoid whose synthesis requires CCD4 activity in Arabidopsis
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Gene
- CCD4e4
- Compound
- apocarotenoide4
- Outcome
- synthesise4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“gene in Arabidopsis thaliana”
e4“this signal is an apocarotenoid whose synthesis requires the activity of the carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase CCD4”
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