Abstract
Background and Aims: Rootstocks influence the inorganic ion and organic acid composition of grapes of the scion variety. The aim was to investigate the impact of rootstocks on the inter-relationship of inorganic ions and organic acid anions in the skin and pulp of grapes and in resultant wine. Methods and Results: Vines were irrigated with water having electrical conductivities in the range 1.6–2.1 dS/m. Chloride, sodium, potassium, malic and tartaric acid concentrations were higher in almost all cases in skin than in pulp. Significant positive correlations existed between chloride and sodium concentrations in both pulp and skin. A significant negative linear regression existed between malic acid and both chloride and sodium concentrations in skin of Chardonnay berries. There were positive linear regressions in chloride concentration between berry (pulp and skin) and resultant wine chloride in both Chardonnay and Shiraz. Conclusion: The higher malic acid and lower chloride concentrations in skin of most grafted Chardonnay and Shiraz vines, and vice versa for own rooted vines, may indicate competition for similar transporter proteins involved in loading into skins. Alternatively, higher salt concentrations in skins may be associated with accelerated malic acid catabolism. Significance of the Study: Chloride-excluding rootstocks demonstrated advantages through reduced chloride (but not sodium) in pulp and skin of grape berries and in resultant wines. Where rootstocks reduced chloride concentrations in skin of grape berries, there is potential for higher malic acid in skin and in the resultant red wines.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Chloride, sodium, potassium, malic acid and tartaric acid were generally higher in skin than pulp.
Verbatim
e0“Chloride, sodium, potassium, malic and tartaric acid concentrations were higher in almost all cases in skin than in pulp.”
t0“grape”
Claim · model-written summary
Chloride and sodium concentrations were positively correlated in pulp and skin.
Verbatim
e0“Significant positive correlations existed between chloride and sodium concentrations in both pulp and skin.”
t0“grape”
Claim · model-written summary
Malic acid was negatively related to chloride and sodium in Chardonnay skin.
Verbatim
e0“A significant negative linear regression existed between malic acid and both chloride and sodium concentrations in skin of Chardonnay berries.”
t0“grape”
Claim · model-written summary
Berry and wine chloride concentrations were positively related in Chardonnay.
Verbatim
e0“There were positive linear regressions in chloride concentration between berry (pulp and skin) and resultant wine chloride in both Chardonnay and Shiraz.”
t0“grape”
Claim · model-written summary
Berry and wine chloride concentrations were positively related in Shiraz.
Verbatim
e0“There were positive linear regressions in chloride concentration between berry (pulp and skin) and resultant wine chloride in both Chardonnay and Shiraz.”
t0“grape”
Claim · model-written summary
Grafted vines generally had higher skin malic acid than own-rooted vines.
Verbatim
e0“The higher malic acid and lower chloride concentrations in skin of most grafted Chardonnay and Shiraz vines, and vice versa for own rooted vines”
t0“grape”
Claim · model-written summary
Grafted vines generally had lower skin chloride than own-rooted vines.
Verbatim
e0“The higher malic acid and lower chloride concentrations in skin of most grafted Chardonnay and Shiraz vines, and vice versa for own rooted vines”
t0“grape”
Claim · model-written summary
Chloride-excluding rootstocks reduced chloride in berries and wine.
- Taxon
- grapee0
- Organ / stage
- pulp and skin of grape berriese0
- Treatment
- Chloride-excluding rootstockse0
- Outcome
- chloridee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Chloride-excluding rootstocks demonstrated advantages through reduced chloride (but not sodium) in pulp and skin of grape berries and in resultant wines.”
Claim · model-written summary
Chloride-excluding rootstocks did not reduce sodium in berries and wine.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“Chloride-excluding rootstocks demonstrated advantages through reduced chloride (but not sodium) in pulp and skin of grape berries and in resultant wines.”
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See all 11 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.