Abstract
Seed treatments to advance the establishment of radish (Raphanus sativus), kale (Brassica napus var. pabularia), and amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor) for greenhouse microgreen production were examined. Seeds were matrically primed in fine vermiculite at 12℃ and -1.0 ㎫ (by adding deionized water at 50% of the vermiculite dry weight; seed:vermiculite, 1:5, w/w) for 3 days, removed from the vermiculite, and dried to initial weight before sowing. While germination percentage was little affected, appreciable germination advancement in all species was achieved by the priming. In a greenhouse study, this treatment advanced seedling emergence of radish and kale compared to non-treated seed, but failed to increase shoot dry weight at 13 days after planting (DAP). Priming amaranth seed gave no emergence advantage but increased shoot dry weight by 41%. When seeds were germinated in vermiculite (seed:vermiculite, 1:5, w/w, 150% water) for 1 day at 27℃ before sowing the germinating seedvermiculite mixture, seedling emergence was faster than occurred in non-treated seeds, but shoot dry weight was increased only in amaranth. Seedling dry weights were greatest at 13 DAP when seeds were subjected to a twostep procedure of priming (3 days at 50% water), followed by germination (1 day at 150% water) in the vermiculite before sowing the germinating seed-vermiculite mixture. This ‘primed-germinated’ treatment increased shoot dry weights by 20, 49, and 84% for radish, kale, and amaranth, respectively, compared to those from non-treated seeds.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Germination percentage of radish, kale and amaranth was little affected by seed priming.
- Taxon
- radish (Raphanus sativus), kale (Brassica napus var. pabularia), and amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor)
Raphanus sativus_01.jpg?width=60)
Amaranthus tricolor_Brassica_napus_-_Habit.jpg?width=60)
Brassica napus var. pabulariae0 - Treatment
- priminge1
- Outcome
- germination percentagee1
- Direction
- little affectede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_01.jpg?width=500)
_Brassica_napus_-_Habit.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“radish (Raphanus sativus), kale (Brassica napus var. pabularia), and amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor)”
e1“While germination percentage was little affected, appreciable germination advancement in all species was achieved by the priming”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed priming achieved appreciable germination advancement in all three species.
- Taxon
- radish (Raphanus sativus), kale (Brassica napus var. pabularia), and amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor)Raphanus sativusAmaranthus tricolorBrassica napus var. pabulariae0
- Treatment
- priminge1
- Outcome
- germination advancemente1
- Direction
- advancemente1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“radish (Raphanus sativus), kale (Brassica napus var. pabularia), and amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor)”
e1“While germination percentage was little affected, appreciable germination advancement in all species was achieved by the priming”
Claim · model-written summary
In the greenhouse, priming advanced seedling emergence of radish compared to non-treated seed.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativuse0
- Treatment
- this treatmente0
- Outcome
- seedling emergencee0
- Direction
- advancede0
- Comparator
- non-treated seede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this treatment advanced seedling emergence of radish and kale compared to non-treated seed, but failed to increase shoot dry weight at 13 days after planting (DAP)”
Claim · model-written summary
In the greenhouse, priming advanced seedling emergence of kale compared to non-treated seed.
- Taxon
- kale
Brassica oleracea var. viridise0 - Treatment
- this treatmente0
- Outcome
- seedling emergencee0
- Direction
- advancede0
- Comparator
- non-treated seede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this treatment advanced seedling emergence of radish and kale compared to non-treated seed, but failed to increase shoot dry weight at 13 days after planting (DAP)”
Claim · model-written summary
Priming failed to increase shoot dry weight of radish at 13 days after planting.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativuse0
- Treatment
- this treatmente0
- Outcome
- shoot dry weighte0
- Direction
- failed to increasee0
- Qualifier
- 13 days after plantinge0
- Comparator
- non-treated seede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this treatment advanced seedling emergence of radish and kale compared to non-treated seed, but failed to increase shoot dry weight at 13 days after planting (DAP)”
Claim · model-written summary
Priming failed to increase shoot dry weight of kale at 13 days after planting.
- Taxon
- kaleBrassica oleracea var. viridise0
- Treatment
- this treatmente0
- Outcome
- shoot dry weighte0
- Direction
- failed to increasee0
- Qualifier
- 13 days after plantinge0
- Comparator
- non-treated seede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“this treatment advanced seedling emergence of radish and kale compared to non-treated seed, but failed to increase shoot dry weight at 13 days after planting (DAP)”
Claim · model-written summary
Priming amaranth seed gave no emergence advantage.
- Taxon
- amaranth
.JPG?width=60)
Amaranthus caudatuse0 - Treatment
- Priminge0
- Outcome
- emergence advantagee0
- Direction
- noe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.JPG?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Priming amaranth seed gave no emergence advantage but increased shoot dry weight by 41%”
Claim · model-written summary
Priming amaranth seed increased shoot dry weight by 41%.
- Taxon
- amaranthAmaranthus caudatuse0
- Treatment
- Priminge0
- Outcome
- shoot dry weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 41%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Priming amaranth seed gave no emergence advantage but increased shoot dry weight by 41%”
Claim · model-written summary
Sowing seeds germinated for 1 day in vermiculite gave faster seedling emergence than non-treated seeds in the three species.
- Taxon
- radish (Raphanus sativus), kale (Brassica napus var. pabularia), and amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor)Raphanus sativusAmaranthus tricolorBrassica napus var. pabulariae0
- Treatment
- germinated in vermiculitee1
- Outcome
- seedling emergencee2
- Direction
- fastere2
- Comparator
- non-treated seedse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“radish (Raphanus sativus), kale (Brassica napus var. pabularia), and amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor)”
e1“When seeds were germinated in vermiculite”
e2“seedling emergence was faster than occurred in non-treated seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
With pre-germination in vermiculite, shoot dry weight was increased only in amaranth.
- Taxon
- amaranthAmaranthus caudatuse1
- Treatment
- germinated in vermiculitee0
- Outcome
- shoot dry weighte1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Qualifier
- only in amaranthe1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When seeds were germinated in vermiculite”
e1“shoot dry weight was increased only in amaranth”
Claim · model-written summary
The primed-germinated treatment increased shoot dry weight of radish by 20% compared with non-treated seeds.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativuse1
- Treatment
- primed-germinatede0
- Outcome
- shoot dry weightse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 20e1
- Comparator
- non-treated seedse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“primed-germinated”
e1“increased shoot dry weights by 20, 49, and 84% for radish, kale, and amaranth, respectively, compared to those from non-treated seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
The primed-germinated treatment increased shoot dry weight of kale by 49% compared with non-treated seeds.
- Taxon
- kaleBrassica oleracea var. viridise1
- Treatment
- primed-germinatede0
- Outcome
- shoot dry weightse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 49e1
- Comparator
- non-treated seedse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“primed-germinated”
e1“increased shoot dry weights by 20, 49, and 84% for radish, kale, and amaranth, respectively, compared to those from non-treated seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
The primed-germinated treatment increased shoot dry weight of amaranth by 84% compared with non-treated seeds.
- Taxon
- amaranthAmaranthus caudatuse1
- Treatment
- primed-germinatede0
- Outcome
- shoot dry weightse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 84%e1
- Comparator
- non-treated seedse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“primed-germinated”
e1“increased shoot dry weights by 20, 49, and 84% for radish, kale, and amaranth, respectively, compared to those from non-treated seeds”
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