Abstract
One of the most dangerous pests of rape is a complex of the undulating flea beetles that can do harm to the plants from the phase of sprouting and until the harvest ripening. According to our research, all six species of the undulating flea beetles are spread in the Eastern Forest–Steppe of Ukraine. The most numerous species are Phyllotreta atra F. (about 71%) and Phyllotreta nigripes F., the latter is less numerous (about 16%). The rest 4 species make up from 0.4 to 8.8% in the population structure. The damage of spring rape sprouts caused by the leaf beetles both against the background with the fertilizers (N30P30K30) and against the background without the fertilizers significantly affects a weight of 1000 seeds. Against the background without the fertilizers it is a little less and R²=0.875 while against the background with the fertilizers R²=0.9986. The yield capacity of spring rape both against the background with the fertilizers (N30P30K30) and against the background without the fertilizers depends on the degree of the sprouts damaged by the leaf–eating pests largely. It is a little higher against the background without the fertilizers and R²=0.9995 while against the background with the fertilizers R²=0.9911. The presowing toxicity of spring rapeseeds with the subsequent spraying of the crops in the phase of sprouting, namely the toxicity of two pairs of true leaves, provides a reduction in the density of the undulating flea beetles population 7.5–10.0 times below the level of the economic threshold of harmfulness. The best field germination of rape seeds both against the background without the fertilizers and against the background with the fertilizers is noted. The applied insecticide and fungicide seed treatment agents have a negative affect on the laboratory germination of spring rape seed material. The worst indices of germination were noted in the variants when applying Royal FLO, 48% of water and suspension concentrate in the dose 5.0 L/t and Royal FLO, 48% of water and suspension concentrate+Taboo, 50% of suspension concentrate in the dose of 5.0+6.0 L/t and on the 9th day these indices were 77.0% and 76.5% respectively.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
All six undulating flea beetle species occurred in the Eastern Forest–Steppe of Ukraine.
- Taxon
- spring oilseed rape
_Brassica_napus_-_Habit.jpg?width=60)
Brassica napust0 - Interactor
- undulating flea beetlese0pest
- Outcome
- all six species of the undulating flea beetles are spreade0
- Setting
- Eastern Forest–Steppe of Ukrainee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Brassica_napus_-_Habit.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“all six species of the undulating flea beetles are spread in the Eastern Forest–Steppe of Ukraine.”
t0“spring oilseed rape”
Claim · model-written summary
Phyllotreta atra represented about 71% of the flea beetle population.
- Taxon
- spring oilseed rapeBrassica napust0
- Interactor
- Phyllotreta atra F.
.png?width=60)
Phyllotreta atrae0pest - Outcome
- Phyllotreta atra F.e0
- Value
- about 71%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.png?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The most numerous species are Phyllotreta atra F. (about 71%) and Phyllotreta nigripes F., the latter is less numerous (about 16%).”
t0“spring oilseed rape”
Claim · model-written summary
Phyllotreta nigripes represented about 16% of the flea beetle population.
- Taxon
- spring oilseed rapeBrassica napust0
- Interactor
- Phyllotreta nigripes F.
Phyllotreta nigripese0pest - Outcome
- Phyllotreta nigripes F.e0
- Value
- about 16%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The most numerous species are Phyllotreta atra F. (about 71%) and Phyllotreta nigripes F., the latter is less numerous (about 16%).”
t0“spring oilseed rape”
Claim · model-written summary
Each of the remaining four flea beetle species comprised 0.4 to 8.8% of the population.
- Taxon
- spring oilseed rapeBrassica napust0
- Outcome
- population structuree0
- Value
- 0.4 to 8.8%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The rest 4 species make up from 0.4 to 8.8% in the population structure.”
t0“spring oilseed rape”
Claim · model-written summary
Sprout damage significantly affected 1000-seed weight without fertilizer, with R²=0.875.
- Taxon
- spring rapeBrassica napuse0
- Treatment
- damage of spring rape sproutse0
- Interactor
- leaf beetlesChrysomelidaee0pest
- Outcome
- weight of 1000 seedse0
- Value
- R²=0.875e0
- Qualifier
- without the fertilizerse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The damage of spring rape sprouts caused by the leaf beetles both against the background with the fertilizers (N30P30K30) and against the background without the fertilizers significantly affects a weight of 1000 seeds. Against the background without the fertilizers it is a little less and R²=0.875”
Claim · model-written summary
Sprout damage significantly affected 1000-seed weight with fertilizer, with R²=0.9986.
- Taxon
- spring rapeBrassica napuse0
- Treatment
- damage of spring rape sproutse0
- Interactor
- leaf beetlesChrysomelidaee0pest
- Outcome
- weight of 1000 seedse0
- Value
- R²=0.9986e0
- Qualifier
- with the fertilizerse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The damage of spring rape sprouts caused by the leaf beetles both against the background with the fertilizers (N30P30K30) and against the background without the fertilizers significantly affects a weight of 1000 seeds. Against the background without the fertilizers it is a little less and R²=0.875 while against the background with the fertilizers R²=0.9986.”
Claim · model-written summary
Sprout damage was strongly associated with spring rape yield without fertilizer (R²=0.9995).
- Taxon
- spring rapeBrassica napuse0
- Treatment
- degree of the sprouts damagede0
- Interactor
- leaf–eating pestse0pest
- Outcome
- yield capacitye0
- Value
- R²=0.9995e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The yield capacity of spring rape both against the background with the fertilizers (N30P30K30) and against the background without the fertilizers depends on the degree of the sprouts damaged by the leaf–eating pests largely. It is a little higher against the background without the fertilizers and R²=0.9995”
Claim · model-written summary
Sprout damage was strongly associated with spring rape yield with fertilizer (R²=0.9911).
- Taxon
- spring rapeBrassica napuse0
- Treatment
- degree of the sprouts damagede0
- Interactor
- leaf–eating pestse0pest
- Outcome
- yield capacitye0
- Value
- R²=0.9911e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The yield capacity of spring rape both against the background with the fertilizers (N30P30K30) and against the background without the fertilizers depends on the degree of the sprouts damaged by the leaf–eating pests largely. It is a little higher against the background without the fertilizers and R²=0.9995 while against the background with the fertilizers R²=0.9911.”
Claim · model-written summary
Presowing seed treatment followed by sprout-stage spraying reduced flea beetle density 7.5–10.0 times below the economic threshold.
- Taxon
- spring rapeseedsBrassica napuse0
- Treatment
- presowing toxicity of spring rapeseeds with the subsequent spraying of the cropse0
- Interactor
- undulating flea beetlese0pest
- Outcome
- density of the undulating flea beetles populatione0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 7.5–10.0 timese0
- Comparator
- economic threshold of harmfulnesse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The presowing toxicity of spring rapeseeds with the subsequent spraying of the crops in the phase of sprouting, namely the toxicity of two pairs of true leaves, provides a reduction in the density of the undulating flea beetles population 7.5–10.0 times below the level of the economic threshold of harmfulness.”
Claim · model-written summary
Insecticide and fungicide seed treatments negatively affected laboratory germination of spring rape.
- Taxon
- spring rapeBrassica napuse0
- Treatment
- insecticide and fungicide seed treatment agentse0
- Outcome
- laboratory germinatione0
- Direction
- negativee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The applied insecticide and fungicide seed treatment agents have a negative affect on the laboratory germination of spring rape seed material.”
Claim · model-written summary
Royal FLO at 5.0 L/t produced 77.0% germination on day nine.
- Taxon
- spring oilseed rapeBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- Royal FLO, 48% of water and suspension concentrate in the dose 5.0 L/te0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Value
- 77.0%e0
- Qualifier
- 9th daye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The worst indices of germination were noted in the variants when applying Royal FLO, 48% of water and suspension concentrate in the dose 5.0 L/t and Royal FLO, 48% of water and suspension concentrate+Taboo, 50% of suspension concentrate in the dose of 5.0+6.0 L/t and on the 9th day these indices were 77.0% and 76.5% respectively.”
t0“spring oilseed rape”
Claim · model-written summary
Royal FLO plus Taboo produced 76.5% germination on day nine.
- Taxon
- spring oilseed rapeBrassica napust0
- Treatment
- Royal FLO, 48% of water and suspension concentrate+Taboo, 50% of suspension concentrate in the dose of 5.0+6.0 L/te0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Value
- 76.5%e0
- Qualifier
- 9th daye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The worst indices of germination were noted in the variants when applying Royal FLO, 48% of water and suspension concentrate in the dose 5.0 L/t and Royal FLO, 48% of water and suspension concentrate+Taboo, 50% of suspension concentrate in the dose of 5.0+6.0 L/t and on the 9th day these indices were 77.0% and 76.5% respectively.”
t0“spring oilseed rape”
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