Abstract
This research presents a novel method of using plant-derived protein hydrolysates as seed coating materials. The objective of this study was to develop seed coating formulations using soy flour, a sustainable, inexpensive, and green source, as a biostimulant using broccoli as the model system. A 10% suspension of soy flour was used as the seed treatment binder in all coatings. The solid particulate filler was composed of mixtures of soy flour, cellulose, and diatomaceous earth, together termed as SCD. All SCD components were homogenized in water, then dried and ground to a fine particle size <106 µm. The SCD coatings were applied with rotary pan seed coating equipment at 25% of the seed weight. Increasing the proportion of soy flour increased the seed coating strength and also the time for the coating to disintegrate after soaking in water. As a result, the seed coatings reduced the percentage germination and the germination rate compared with the nontreated control. However, the 10-day-old seedling root and shoot growth showed significant improvement for all SCD coating treatments compared with controls. Plant growth and development was also measured after 30 days in the greenhouse. Fresh weight (FW) and dry weight (DW), leaf area, plant height, leaf development, Soil-Plant Analyses Development (SPAD) index (chlorophyll measurement), and nitrogen (N) per plant were all greater from coatings with 30%, 40%, and 50% soy flour than the noncoated control. Nitrogen, from the soy flour applied in the seed coatings, ranged from 0.024 to 0.073 mg per seed, while the enhanced N per plant ranged from 1.7 to 8.5 mg. The coating treatment with 0.063 mg N per seed resulted in the greatest plant leaf area and highest N content. Nitrogen applied in the seed coating only accounted for 1% to 2% of the enhanced N in the plants, indicating the soy flour acted as a biostimulant rather than a fertilizer.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Soy flour seed coatings reduced germination percentage and germination rate compared with nontreated control
- Taxon
- broccoli
Brassica oleracea var. italicae0 - Treatment
- seed coatingse1
- Outcome
- percentage germination and the germination ratee1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Comparator
- nontreated controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“using broccoli as the model system”
e1“As a result, the seed coatings reduced the percentage germination and the germination rate compared with the nontreated control”
Claim · model-written summary
SCD coatings significantly improved 10-day-old seedling root and shoot growth compared with controls
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae0
- Treatment
- SCD coating treatmentse2
- Outcome
- 10-day-old seedling root and shoot growthe2
- Direction
- improvemente2
- Comparator
- controlse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“using broccoli as the model system”
e2“the 10-day-old seedling root and shoot growth showed significant improvement for all SCD coating treatments compared with controls”
Claim · model-written summary
Coatings with 30%, 40% and 50% soy flour increased fresh weight, dry weight and leaf area relative to noncoated control
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae0
- Treatment
- coatings with 30%, 40%, and 50% soy floure3
- Outcome
- Fresh weight (FW) and dry weight (DW), leaf areae3
- Direction
- greatere3
- Comparator
- noncoated controle3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“using broccoli as the model system”
e3“Fresh weight (FW) and dry weight (DW), leaf area, plant height, leaf development, Soil-Plant Analyses Development (SPAD) index (chlorophyll measurement), and nitrogen (N) per plant were all greater from coatings with 30%, 40%, and 50% soy flour than the noncoated control”
Claim · model-written summary
Coatings with 30%, 40% and 50% soy flour increased plant height, leaf development and SPAD index relative to noncoated control
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae0
- Treatment
- coatings with 30%, 40%, and 50% soy floure3
- Outcome
- plant height, leaf development, Soil-Plant Analyses Development (SPAD) index (chlorophyll measurement)e3
- Direction
- greatere3
- Comparator
- noncoated controle3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“using broccoli as the model system”
e3“Fresh weight (FW) and dry weight (DW), leaf area, plant height, leaf development, Soil-Plant Analyses Development (SPAD) index (chlorophyll measurement), and nitrogen (N) per plant were all greater from coatings with 30%, 40%, and 50% soy flour than the noncoated control”
Claim · model-written summary
Enhanced nitrogen per plant ranged from 1.7 to 8.5 mg in soy flour coated plants
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae0
- Outcome
- enhanced N per plante6
- Value
- 1.7 to 8.5 mge6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“using broccoli as the model system”
e6“while the enhanced N per plant ranged from 1.7 to 8.5 mg”
Claim · model-written summary
The 0.063 mg N per seed coating treatment gave the greatest plant leaf area
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae0
- Treatment
- 0.063 mg N per seede4
- Outcome
- plant leaf areae4
- Direction
- greateste4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“using broccoli as the model system”
e4“The coating treatment with 0.063 mg N per seed resulted in the greatest plant leaf area and highest N content”
Claim · model-written summary
The 0.063 mg N per seed coating treatment gave the highest N content in plants
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae0
- Treatment
- 0.063 mg N per seede4
- Outcome
- N contente4
- Direction
- higheste4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“using broccoli as the model system”
e4“The coating treatment with 0.063 mg N per seed resulted in the greatest plant leaf area and highest N content”
Claim · model-written summary
Soy flour acted as a biostimulant rather than a fertilizer, as coating nitrogen accounted for only 1% to 2% of enhanced plant N
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae0
- Treatment
- Nitrogen applied in the seed coatinge7
- Outcome
- enhanced N in the plantse7
- Value
- 1% to 2%e7
- Qualifier
- soy flour acted as a biostimulant rather than a fertilizere7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“using broccoli as the model system”
e7“Nitrogen applied in the seed coating only accounted for 1% to 2% of the enhanced N in the plants, indicating the soy flour acted as a biostimulant rather than a fertilizer”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing the proportion of soy flour increased seed coating strength
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae0
- Treatment
- proportion of soy floure5
- Outcome
- seed coating strengthe5
- Direction
- increasede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“using broccoli as the model system”
e5“Increasing the proportion of soy flour increased the seed coating strength and also the time for the coating to disintegrate after soaking in water”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing the proportion of soy flour increased the time for the coating to disintegrate after soaking in water
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae0
- Treatment
- proportion of soy floure5
- Outcome
- the time for the coating to disintegratee5
- Direction
- increasede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“using broccoli as the model system”
e5“Increasing the proportion of soy flour increased the seed coating strength and also the time for the coating to disintegrate after soaking in water”
The same questions in other papers
storage · growth · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Positive and negative results
12 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- no effect
13 papers more in this group
See all 17 papers →seed treatment · growth · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Positive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 24 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
26 papers more in this group
See all 30 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.