Abstract
Received November 26, 2013 The effects of two superabsorbents (natural-bentonite) and (synthetic-A 200) on the chlorophyll fluorescence index, proline accumulation, phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity and total carbohydrate in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) was evaluated. For this purpose, a factorial experiment using completely randomized design with superabsorbents at 3 levels (0, 0.15, 0.30 w/w%), drought stress at 2 levels (60 and 100% of field capacity) and 4 replicates was conducted. Results showed that photosystem photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) II under drought stress (60% FC) as well as lower levels of bentonite superabsorbent polymer reduced. The minimum and maximum proline content were obtained in 0.3% bentonite, 100% FC and 0 benetonite, 60% FC, respectively. The lowest and highest phenolic compounds was corresponded to the highest levels in both super absorbents and control respectively, so that the super absorbent and bentonite, reduced phenolic compounds by 62.65 and 66.21% compared to control. 0 and 0.15 wt % bentonite in high drought stress (60% FC) showed the highest and 0.3 wt % bentonite and 100% FC attained the lowest level of antioxidant activity. Control bentonite treatment beds at 60% FC and beds containing 0.3 wt. % bentonite in 100% FC, showed the lowest and the highest total carbohydrate content respectively. Results of this study indicate that bentonite can reduce the negative effects of drought stress similar to artificial super absorbent.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Drought at 60% field capacity reduced photosystem II efficiency.
- Taxon
- lettuce
Lactuca sativae1 - Treatment
- drought stress (60% FC)e0
- Outcome
- photosystem photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) IIe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“photosystem photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) II under drought stress (60% FC) as well as lower levels of bentonite superabsorbent polymer reduced.”
e1“lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower bentonite levels reduced photosystem II efficiency.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae1
- Treatment
- lower levels of bentonite superabsorbent polymere0
- Outcome
- photosystem photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) IIe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“photosystem photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) II under drought stress (60% FC) as well as lower levels of bentonite superabsorbent polymer reduced.”
e1“lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Proline content was minimal at 0.3% bentonite and full field capacity.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae1
- Treatment
- 0.3% bentonite, 100% FCe0
- Outcome
- proline contente0
- Direction
- minimume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The minimum and maximum proline content were obtained in 0.3% bentonite, 100% FC and 0 benetonite, 60% FC, respectively.”
e1“lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Proline content was maximal without bentonite under drought.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae1
- Treatment
- 0 benetonite, 60% FCe0
- Outcome
- proline contente0
- Direction
- maximume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The minimum and maximum proline content were obtained in 0.3% bentonite, 100% FC and 0 benetonite, 60% FC, respectively.”
e1“lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Synthetic superabsorbent reduced phenolic compounds 62.65% against control.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae1
- Treatment
- super absorbente0
- Outcome
- phenolic compoundse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 62.65e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the super absorbent and bentonite, reduced phenolic compounds by 62.65 and 66.21% compared to control.”
e1“lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Bentonite reduced phenolic compounds 66.21% against control.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae1
- Treatment
- bentonitee0
- Outcome
- phenolic compoundse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 66.21%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the super absorbent and bentonite, reduced phenolic compounds by 62.65 and 66.21% compared to control.”
e1“lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Antioxidant activity was highest at zero or 0.15 wt % bentonite under 60% field capacity.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae1
- Treatment
- 0 and 0.15 wt % bentonite in high drought stress (60% FC)e0
- Outcome
- antioxidant activitye0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“0 and 0.15 wt % bentonite in high drought stress (60% FC) showed the highest and 0.3 wt % bentonite and 100% FC attained the lowest level of antioxidant activity.”
e1“lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Antioxidant activity was lowest at 0.3 wt % bentonite and 100% field capacity.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae1
- Treatment
- 0.3 wt % bentonite and 100% FCe0
- Outcome
- antioxidant activitye0
- Direction
- loweste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“0 and 0.15 wt % bentonite in high drought stress (60% FC) showed the highest and 0.3 wt % bentonite and 100% FC attained the lowest level of antioxidant activity.”
e1“lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Total carbohydrate was lowest in control bentonite beds at 60% field capacity.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae1
- Treatment
- Control bentonite treatment beds at 60% FCe0
- Outcome
- total carbohydrate contente0
- Direction
- loweste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Control bentonite treatment beds at 60% FC and beds containing 0.3 wt. % bentonite in 100% FC, showed the lowest and the highest total carbohydrate content respectively.”
e1“lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Total carbohydrate was highest with 0.3 wt. % bentonite at 100% field capacity.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae1
- Treatment
- 0.3 wt. % bentonite in 100% FCe0
- Outcome
- total carbohydrate contente0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Control bentonite treatment beds at 60% FC and beds containing 0.3 wt. % bentonite in 100% FC, showed the lowest and the highest total carbohydrate content respectively.”
e1“lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Bentonite was judged to mitigate drought effects similarly to synthetic absorbent.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae1
- Outcome
- negative effects of drought stresse0
- Direction
- reducee0
- Comparator
- artificial super absorbente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“bentonite can reduce the negative effects of drought stress similar to artificial super absorbent.”
e1“lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)”
The same questions in other papers
drought · physiology: photosynthesis · Lactuca sativa (garden lettuce)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.