Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a key molecule involved in many physiology processes. The effects of NO on alleviating arsenic-induced oxidative damage in tall fescue leaves were investigated. Arsenic (25 μM) treatment induced significantly accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and led to serious lipid peroxidation in tall fescue leaves and the application of 100 μM SNP before arsenic stress resulted in alleviated arsenic-induced electrolyte leakage and malondiadehyde (MDA) content in tall fescue leaves, the levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide radical (QUOTE ) were reduced as well. Moreover, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) increased in tall fescue leaves in presence of SNP under arsenic stress. This pattern was reversed by application of NO scavenger, 2-(4-carboxy-2-phenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethy-limidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (PTIO) before arsenic treatment. Pronounced increases in endogenous NO production was found in plants after exposure to arsenic stress. The results suggested that arsenic stress elevated endogenous NO level and that NO might act as a signaling molecule to enhance antioxidant enzyme activities, further protecting against injuries caused by arsenic toxicity. Key words: Antioxidant enzymes, arsenic stress, nitric oxide, oxidative stress, tall fescue.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Arsenic at 25 μM induced significant accumulation of reactive oxygen species in tall fescue leaves.
- Taxon
- tall fescue
Lolium arundinaceume0 - Treatment
- Arsenic (25 μM)e0
- Outcome
- accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS)e0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Arsenic (25 μM) treatment induced significantly accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and led to serious lipid peroxidation in tall fescue leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Arsenic at 25 μM led to serious lipid peroxidation in tall fescue leaves.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceume0
- Treatment
- Arsenic (25 μM)e0
- Outcome
- serious lipid peroxidatione0
- Direction
- led toe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Arsenic (25 μM) treatment induced significantly accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and led to serious lipid peroxidation in tall fescue leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Pre-treatment with 100 μM SNP alleviated arsenic-induced electrolyte leakage and MDA content in tall fescue leaves.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceume1
- Treatment
- 100 μM SNP before arsenic stresse1
- Outcome
- electrolyte leakage and malondiadehyde (MDA) contente1
- Direction
- alleviatede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the application of 100 μM SNP before arsenic stress resulted in alleviated arsenic-induced electrolyte leakage and malondiadehyde (MDA) content in tall fescue leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Pre-treatment with 100 μM SNP reduced hydrogen peroxide and superoxide radical levels under arsenic stress.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceume1
- Treatment
- 100 μM SNPe1
- Outcome
- the levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide radicale2
- Direction
- were reducede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the application of 100 μM SNP before arsenic stress resulted in alleviated arsenic-induced electrolyte leakage and malondiadehyde (MDA) content in tall fescue leaves”
e2“the levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide radical (QUOTE ) were reduced as well”
Claim · model-written summary
SNP under arsenic stress increased the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase in tall fescue leaves.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceume3
- Treatment
- SNP under arsenic stresse3
- Outcome
- the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX)e3
- Direction
- increasede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) increased in tall fescue leaves in presence of SNP under arsenic stress”
Claim · model-written summary
The NO scavenger PTIO applied before arsenic reversed the increase of SOD, CAT and APX activities.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceume3
- Treatment
- application of NO scavenger, 2-(4-carboxy-2-phenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethy-limidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (PTIO)e4
- Outcome
- the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX)e3
- Direction
- reversede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) increased in tall fescue leaves in presence of SNP under arsenic stress”
e4“This pattern was reversed by application of NO scavenger, 2-(4-carboxy-2-phenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethy-limidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (PTIO) before arsenic treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Arsenic stress increased endogenous NO production in tall fescue.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceume0
- Treatment
- exposure to arsenic stresse5
- Outcome
- endogenous NO productione5
- Direction
- Pronounced increasese5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Arsenic (25 μM) treatment induced significantly accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and led to serious lipid peroxidation in tall fescue leaves”
e5“Pronounced increases in endogenous NO production was found in plants after exposure to arsenic stress”
Claim · model-written summary
NO may act as a signaling molecule that enhances antioxidant enzyme activities and protects tall fescue against arsenic injury.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceume0
- Compound
- NOe6
- Outcome
- antioxidant enzyme activitiese6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Arsenic (25 μM) treatment induced significantly accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and led to serious lipid peroxidation in tall fescue leaves”
e6“NO might act as a signaling molecule to enhance antioxidant enzyme activities, further protecting against injuries caused by arsenic toxicity”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.