Abstract
Root growth and protective enzymes of Festuca arundinacea L. and Lolium perenne L. under Cu stress were investigated in a hydroponic experiment. Cu stress significantly inhibited root growth (root elongation and dry biomass) of both turfgrasses. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content in roots of both turfgrasses markedly increased under copper stress. In F. arundinacea root, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased greatly with increasing Cu concentration; peroxidase (POD) activity increased at low Cu level and decreased at high Cu level. Increased MDA content indicated the formation of free radicals under Cu stress, while increased SOD activity pointed to the operation of a scavenging mechanism. In roots of L. perenne, however, SOD and POD were not activated by copper. These results demonstrate that turfgrass cultivars clearly differ in tolerance to Cu stress, and that the tolerance depends largely on the enhanced activity of its antioxidant system.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Festuca arundinacea L. root elongation and dry biomass were significantly inhibited by Cu stress.
- Taxon
- Festuca arundinacea L.
Lolium arundinaceume1 - Treatment
- Cu stresse0
- Outcome
- root growth (root elongation and dry biomass)e0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cu stress significantly inhibited root growth (root elongation and dry biomass) of both turfgrasses.”
e1“Root growth and protective enzymes of Festuca arundinacea L. and Lolium perenne L. under Cu stress were investigated in a hydroponic experiment.”
Claim · model-written summary
Festuca arundinacea L. root MDA content increased under copper stress.
- Taxon
- Festuca arundinacea L.Lolium arundinaceume1
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- copper stresse0
- Outcome
- Malondialdehyde (MDA) contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Malondialdehyde (MDA) content in roots of both turfgrasses markedly increased under copper stress.”
e1“Root growth and protective enzymes of Festuca arundinacea L. and Lolium perenne L. under Cu stress were investigated in a hydroponic experiment.”
Claim · model-written summary
Lolium perenne L. root elongation and dry biomass were significantly inhibited by Cu stress.
- Taxon
- Lolium perenne L.
Lolium perennee1 - Treatment
- Cu stresse0
- Outcome
- root growth (root elongation and dry biomass)e0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cu stress significantly inhibited root growth (root elongation and dry biomass) of both turfgrasses.”
e1“Root growth and protective enzymes of Festuca arundinacea L. and Lolium perenne L. under Cu stress were investigated in a hydroponic experiment.”
Claim · model-written summary
Lolium perenne L. root MDA content increased under copper stress.
- Taxon
- Lolium perenne L.Lolium perennee1
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- copper stresse0
- Outcome
- Malondialdehyde (MDA) contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Malondialdehyde (MDA) content in roots of both turfgrasses markedly increased under copper stress.”
e1“Root growth and protective enzymes of Festuca arundinacea L. and Lolium perenne L. under Cu stress were investigated in a hydroponic experiment.”
Claim · model-written summary
F. arundinacea root SOD activity increased as Cu concentration increased.
- Taxon
- F. arundinaceaLolium arundinaceume0
- Organ / stage
- roote0
- Treatment
- Cu concentratione0
- Gene
- superoxide dismutase (SOD)e0
- Outcome
- superoxide dismutase (SOD) activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In F. arundinacea root, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased greatly with increasing Cu concentration; peroxidase (POD) activity increased at low Cu level and decreased at high Cu level.”
Claim · model-written summary
F. arundinacea root POD activity increased at low Cu level.
- Taxon
- F. arundinaceaLolium arundinaceume0
- Organ / stage
- roote0
- Treatment
- low Cu levele0
- Gene
- peroxidase (POD)e0
- Outcome
- peroxidase (POD) activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In F. arundinacea root, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased greatly with increasing Cu concentration; peroxidase (POD) activity increased at low Cu level and decreased at high Cu level.”
Claim · model-written summary
F. arundinacea root POD activity decreased at high Cu level.
- Taxon
- F. arundinaceaLolium arundinaceume0
- Organ / stage
- roote0
- Treatment
- high Cu levele0
- Gene
- peroxidase (POD)e0
- Outcome
- peroxidase (POD) activitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In F. arundinacea root, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased greatly with increasing Cu concentration; peroxidase (POD) activity increased at low Cu level and decreased at high Cu level.”
Claim · model-written summary
L. perenne root SOD and POD were not activated by copper.
- Taxon
- L. perenneLolium perennee0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- coppere0
- Gene
- SOD and PODe0
- Outcome
- SOD and PODe0
- Direction
- not activatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In roots of L. perenne, however, SOD and POD were not activated by copper.”
The same questions in other papers
copper atom · growth · Lolium arundinaceum (tall fescue)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
copper atom · growth · Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
copper atom · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
heavy metal · physiology: oxidative · Lolium arundinaceum (tall fescue)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
heavy metal · growth · Lolium arundinaceum (tall fescue)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
heavy metal · growth · Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
heavy metal · physiology: oxidative · Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.