Abstract
Phytoremediation is a biological method to improve soils contaminated with heavy metals. The objective of the present research was to study the capability of Vetiver grass and Tall Fescue in refining and reducing pollution of Cd, Cu and Zn from contaminated soils. The research was implemented in greenhouse during two separate tests (Vetiver grass and Tall Fescue) in a completely randomized design including seven levels of pollution (0, 50, 100, 200, 400, 600, 800 mg kg-1 soil) from three heavy metal types (Cd, Cu and Zn) in three replications. The effects of different levels of heavy metals on the growth characteristics (fresh and dry weights) of Vetiver were not significant. Besides, the effect of cadmium levels on shoot dry weight, the effect of Zn levels on shoot fresh and dry weights and the effect of Cu levels on shoot and root fresh and dry weights in Fescue were not significant compared to the control treatment. The maximum Cd, Cu and Zn concentrations in Vetiver related to 800 mg kg-1 treatment were found as 591, 298 and 356 mg kg-1. The maximum content of Cd (96 mg kg-1), Cu (27 mg kg-1) and Zn (37 mg kg-1) in Fescue was also measured at soils polluted with 800 mg kg-1. Among different pollution treatments, Cd had the highest uptake and accumulation rate in shoot and root of plants. The results showed the higher capability of Vetiver compared to Fescue for remediation of environments contaminated with heavy metals especially Cd in Iran.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Heavy metal levels did not significantly affect Vetiver fresh or dry weight.
- Taxon
- Vetiver grass
Chrysopogon zizanioidest0 - Treatment
- different levels of heavy metalse0
- Outcome
- fresh and dry weightse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of different levels of heavy metals on the growth characteristics (fresh and dry weights) of Vetiver were not significant.”
t0“Vetiver grass”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium levels did not significantly affect Fescue shoot dry weight relative to control.
- Taxon
- Tall Fescue
Lolium arundinaceumt0 - Treatment
- cadmium levelse0
- Outcome
- shoot dry weighte0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the effect of cadmium levels on shoot dry weight, the effect of Zn levels on shoot fresh and dry weights and the effect of Cu levels on shoot and root fresh and dry weights in Fescue were not significant compared to the control treatment.”
t0“Tall Fescue”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc levels did not significantly affect Fescue shoot fresh or dry weight.
- Taxon
- Tall FescueLolium arundinaceumt0
- Treatment
- Zn levelse0
- Outcome
- shoot fresh and dry weightse0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the effect of Zn levels on shoot fresh and dry weights and the effect of Cu levels on shoot and root fresh and dry weights in Fescue were not significant compared to the control treatment.”
t0“Tall Fescue”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper levels did not significantly affect Fescue shoot or root fresh and dry weights.
- Taxon
- Tall FescueLolium arundinaceumt0
- Treatment
- Cu levelse0
- Outcome
- shoot and root fresh and dry weightse0
- Comparator
- control treatmente0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the effect of Cu levels on shoot and root fresh and dry weights in Fescue were not significant compared to the control treatment.”
t0“Tall Fescue”
Claim · model-written summary
Vetiver Cd concentration reached 591 mg kg-1 at the 800 mg kg-1 soil treatment.
- Taxon
- VetiverChrysopogon zizanioidese0
- Treatment
- 800 mg kg-1 treatmente0
- Outcome
- Cde0
- Value
- 591e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum Cd, Cu and Zn concentrations in Vetiver related to 800 mg kg-1 treatment were found as 591, 298 and 356 mg kg-1.”
Claim · model-written summary
Vetiver Cu concentration reached 298 mg kg-1 at the 800 mg kg-1 soil treatment.
- Taxon
- VetiverChrysopogon zizanioidese0
- Treatment
- 800 mg kg-1 treatmente0
- Outcome
- Cue0
- Value
- 298e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum Cd, Cu and Zn concentrations in Vetiver related to 800 mg kg-1 treatment were found as 591, 298 and 356 mg kg-1.”
Claim · model-written summary
Vetiver Zn concentration reached 356 mg kg-1 at the 800 mg kg-1 soil treatment.
- Taxon
- VetiverChrysopogon zizanioidese0
- Treatment
- 800 mg kg-1 treatmente0
- Outcome
- Zne0
- Value
- 356 mg kg-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum Cd, Cu and Zn concentrations in Vetiver related to 800 mg kg-1 treatment were found as 591, 298 and 356 mg kg-1.”
Claim · model-written summary
Fescue Cd content reached 96 mg kg-1 at 800 mg kg-1 soil pollution.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum content of Cd (96 mg kg-1), Cu (27 mg kg-1) and Zn (37 mg kg-1) in Fescue was also measured at soils polluted with 800 mg kg-1.”
Claim · model-written summary
Fescue Cu content reached 27 mg kg-1 at 800 mg kg-1 soil pollution.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum content of Cd (96 mg kg-1), Cu (27 mg kg-1) and Zn (37 mg kg-1) in Fescue was also measured at soils polluted with 800 mg kg-1.”
Claim · model-written summary
Fescue Zn content reached 37 mg kg-1 at 800 mg kg-1 soil pollution.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum content of Cd (96 mg kg-1), Cu (27 mg kg-1) and Zn (37 mg kg-1) in Fescue was also measured at soils polluted with 800 mg kg-1.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cd had the highest uptake and accumulation in shoots and roots.
- Taxon
- Vetiver grass and Tall FescueLolium arundinaceumChrysopogon zizanioidest0
- Organ / stage
- shoot and roote0
- Outcome
- Cd had the highest uptake and accumulation ratee0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among different pollution treatments, Cd had the highest uptake and accumulation rate in shoot and root of plants.”
t0“Vetiver grass and Tall Fescue”
Claim · model-written summary
Vetiver had higher heavy metal remediation capability than Fescue, especially for Cd in Iran.
- Taxon
- VetiverChrysopogon zizanioidese0
- Outcome
- capabilitye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- Fescuee0
- Setting
- Irane0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the higher capability of Vetiver compared to Fescue for remediation of environments contaminated with heavy metals especially Cd in Iran.”
The same questions in other papers
cadmium atom · growth · Lolium arundinaceum (tall fescue)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- negative
copper atom · growth · Lolium arundinaceum (tall fescue)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
heavy metal · growth · Chrysopogon zizanioides (vetiver)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.