Abstract
Abstract Drought stress is a major factor‐limiting grass growth. The production of reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) increases under stress conditions and causes cell oxidative damage. This study investigated the effect of sodium nitroprusside [a nitric oxide ( NO ) donor] treatment on drought stress in two turfgrass species, creeping bentgrass and tall fescue. Physiological characteristics such as relative water content ( RWC ), ion leakage, chlorophyll and proline content, and activity of superoxide dismutase ( SOD ), ascorbate peroxidase ( APX ) and catalase ( CAT ) were evaluated after 40 d drought stress and in the recovery stage. Results showed that nitric oxide ( NO ) treatment, especially 150 μ m , could maintain significantly higher RWC and reduce ion leakage under drought stress conditions in both species. Furthermore, both turfgrass species showed higher chlorophyll and proline content after drought stress period when sprayed with NO , while chlorophyll and proline content of control plants declined. Drought stress significantly reduced SOD and APX activity, while NO treatment induced higher SOD and APX activity under drought conditions. After recovery, leaf RWC returned to the control level; however, NO ‐sprayed plants showed higher RWC compared to controls. Both turfgrass species exhibited lower chlorophyll content at the recovery stage when exposed to severe drought stress, and NO application increased chlorophyll content compared to controls. No significant differences were found between NO treatment and control plants for proline and SOD activity, but APX activity of NO ‐sprayed plants was higher than in the control plants. These results suggest that foliar application of NO may alleviate drought stress in turfgrass by maintaining membrane stability and inducing antioxidant enzyme activity.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Nitric oxide maintained higher relative water content during drought.
- Taxon
- creeping bentgrass and tall fescue
Lolium arundinaceum
Agrostis stoloniferat0 - Treatment
- nitric oxide ( NO ) treatment, especially 150 μ me0
- Outcome
- RWCe0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nitric oxide ( NO ) treatment, especially 150 μ m , could maintain significantly higher RWC”
t0“creeping bentgrass and tall fescue”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitric oxide reduced ion leakage under drought.
- Taxon
- creeping bentgrass and tall fescueLolium arundinaceumAgrostis stoloniferat0
- Treatment
- nitric oxidet0
- Outcome
- ion leakagee0
- Direction
- reducee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduce ion leakage under drought stress conditions in both species”
t0“nitric oxide for reducing oxidative damage induced by drought stress in two turfgrass species, creeping bentgrass and tall fescue”
Claim · model-written summary
NO spray increased chlorophyll and proline content after drought relative to controls.
- Taxon
- creeping bentgrass and tall fescueLolium arundinaceumAgrostis stoloniferat0
- Treatment
- sprayed with NOe0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll and proline contente0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both turfgrass species showed higher chlorophyll and proline content after drought stress period when sprayed with NO , while chlorophyll and proline content of control plants declined”
t0“creeping bentgrass and tall fescue”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought reduced SOD and APX activity.
- Taxon
- creeping bentgrass and tall fescueLolium arundinaceumAgrostis stoloniferat0
- Treatment
- Drought stresse0
- Outcome
- SOD and APX activitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drought stress significantly reduced SOD and APX activity”
t0“creeping bentgrass and tall fescue”
Claim · model-written summary
NO increased SOD and APX activity during drought.
- Taxon
- creeping bentgrass and tall fescueLolium arundinaceumAgrostis stoloniferat0
- Treatment
- NO treatmente0
- Outcome
- SOD and APX activitye0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NO treatment induced higher SOD and APX activity under drought conditions”
t0“creeping bentgrass and tall fescue”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf relative water content returned to control level after recovery.
- Taxon
- creeping bentgrass and tall fescueLolium arundinaceumAgrostis stoloniferat0
- Outcome
- leaf RWCe0
- Direction
- returned to the control levele0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After recovery, leaf RWC returned to the control level”
t0“creeping bentgrass and tall fescue”
Claim · model-written summary
NO-sprayed plants had higher relative water content after recovery than controls.
- Taxon
- creeping bentgrass and tall fescueLolium arundinaceumAgrostis stoloniferat0
- Treatment
- NO ‐sprayede0
- Outcome
- RWCe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NO ‐sprayed plants showed higher RWC compared to controls”
t0“creeping bentgrass and tall fescue”
Claim · model-written summary
Severe drought lowered chlorophyll at recovery.
- Taxon
- creeping bentgrass and tall fescueLolium arundinaceumAgrostis stoloniferat0
- Treatment
- severe drought stresse0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both turfgrass species exhibited lower chlorophyll content at the recovery stage when exposed to severe drought stress”
t0“creeping bentgrass and tall fescue”
Claim · model-written summary
NO increased chlorophyll during recovery relative to controls.
- Taxon
- creeping bentgrass and tall fescueLolium arundinaceumAgrostis stoloniferat0
- Treatment
- NO applicatione0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NO application increased chlorophyll content compared to controls”
t0“creeping bentgrass and tall fescue”
Claim · model-written summary
NO and control plants did not differ significantly in proline or SOD activity at recovery.
- Taxon
- creeping bentgrass and tall fescueLolium arundinaceumAgrostis stoloniferat0
- Treatment
- NO treatmente0
- Outcome
- proline and SOD activitye0
- Direction
- No significant differencese0
- Comparator
- control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No significant differences were found between NO treatment and control plants for proline and SOD activity”
t0“creeping bentgrass and tall fescue”
Claim · model-written summary
NO-sprayed plants had higher APX activity after recovery.
- Taxon
- creeping bentgrass and tall fescueLolium arundinaceumAgrostis stoloniferat0
- Treatment
- NO ‐sprayede0
- Outcome
- APX activitye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“APX activity of NO ‐sprayed plants was higher than in the control plants”
t0“creeping bentgrass and tall fescue”
The same questions in other papers
nitric oxide · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Lolium arundinaceum (tall fescue)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
drought · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Agrostis stolonifera (creeping bent grass)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
drought · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Lolium arundinaceum (tall fescue)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
application · physiology: pigments · Lolium arundinaceum (tall fescue)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
application · physiology: pigments · Agrostis stolonifera (creeping bent grass)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.