Abstract
Abstract Continuous high ambient temperature in hot summer months leads to a sharp decline in turf quality of cool‐season turfgrass. Verticillium dahliae Aspf2‐like protein (VDAL) is a secretory protein of V. dahliae that can improve crop yield and resistance to disease, but its role in improving heat tolerance of cool‐season turfgrass has not been reported so far. The objectives of this study were to explore the effect and mechanism of foliar application of VDAL on improving heat tolerance in cool‐season creeping bentgrass ( Agrostis stolonifera ) and to further examine the advantage of foliar spraying with VDAL in mitigating summer bentgrass decline (SBD) in the US transition zone or other regions with similar climate. The results demonstrated that the optimal dose of VDAL for improving thermotolerance of two creeping bentgrass cultivars (heat‐tolerant 13 M and heat‐sensitive Seaside II) was screened as 0.2 g L −1 based on analyses of chlorophyll content, photochemical efficiency of PSII, and cell membrane stability under controlled heat stress conditions. Foliar application of the optimal dose of VDAL significantly restricted chlorophyll loss under heat stress and also alleviated heat‐induced declines in net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and water use efficiency. In addition, overaccumulations of superoxide anion radical and hydrogen peroxide could be significantly alleviated by the exogenous application of VDAL through improving the activity of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase in two cultivars. A further 2‐year field trial showed that foliar application of VDAL improved turf quality, chlorophyll content, photochemical efficiency, and cell membrane stability of the two cultivars during hot summer months of 2022 and 2023. The results indicate that the appropriate dose of VDAL plays a positive role in photosynthetic performance and antioxidant capacity for thermotolerance of creeping bentgrass, and foliar application of VDAL could be considered an effective approach for alleviating SBD.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
The optimal VDAL dose for thermotolerance of both cultivars was 0.2 g L −1.
- Taxon
- creeping bentgrass
Agrostis stoloniferat0 - Treatment
- VDALe0
- Outcome
- improving thermotolerancee0
- Value
- 0.2 g L −1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the optimal dose of VDAL for improving thermotolerance of two creeping bentgrass cultivars (heat‐tolerant 13 M and heat‐sensitive Seaside II) was screened as 0.2 g L −1”
t0“creeping bentgrass”
Claim · model-written summary
VDAL restricted chlorophyll loss under heat stress.
- Taxon
- creeping bentgrassAgrostis stoloniferat0
- Treatment
- Foliar application of the optimal dose of VDALe0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll losse0
- Direction
- restrictede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar application of the optimal dose of VDAL significantly restricted chlorophyll loss under heat stress”
t0“creeping bentgrass”
Claim · model-written summary
VDAL alleviated heat induced declines in photosynthetic rate, transpiration, and stomatal conductance.
- Taxon
- creeping bentgrassAgrostis stoloniferat0
- Treatment
- Foliar application of the optimal dose of VDALe1
- Outcome
- net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductancee0
- Direction
- alleviatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“alleviated heat‐induced declines in net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and water use efficiency”
e1“Foliar application of the optimal dose of VDAL”
t0“creeping bentgrass”
Claim · model-written summary
VDAL alleviated heat induced decline in water use efficiency.
- Taxon
- creeping bentgrassAgrostis stoloniferat0
- Treatment
- Foliar application of the optimal dose of VDALe1
- Outcome
- water use efficiencye0
- Direction
- alleviatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“alleviated heat‐induced declines in net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and water use efficiency”
e1“Foliar application of the optimal dose of VDAL”
t0“creeping bentgrass”
Claim · model-written summary
VDAL significantly alleviated superoxide and hydrogen peroxide overaccumulation.
- Taxon
- creeping bentgrassAgrostis stoloniferat0
- Treatment
- exogenous application of VDALe0
- Outcome
- overaccumulations of superoxide anion radical and hydrogen peroxidee0
- Direction
- alleviatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“overaccumulations of superoxide anion radical and hydrogen peroxide could be significantly alleviated by the exogenous application of VDAL”
t0“creeping bentgrass”
Claim · model-written summary
VDAL improved activities of four antioxidant enzymes in both cultivars.
- Taxon
- creeping bentgrassAgrostis stoloniferat0
- Treatment
- exogenous application of VDALe1
- Gene
- superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidasee0
- Outcome
- activity of antioxidant enzymese0
- Direction
- improvinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“improving the activity of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase in two cultivars”
e1“exogenous application of VDAL”
t0“creeping bentgrass”
Claim · model-written summary
In the field, VDAL improved turf quality and chlorophyll content in both cultivars.
- Taxon
- creeping bentgrassAgrostis stoloniferat0
- Treatment
- foliar application of VDALe0
- Outcome
- turf quality, chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- hot summer months of 2022 and 2023e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar application of VDAL improved turf quality, chlorophyll content, photochemical efficiency, and cell membrane stability of the two cultivars during hot summer months of 2022 and 2023”
t0“creeping bentgrass”
Claim · model-written summary
In the field, VDAL improved photochemical efficiency and membrane stability in both cultivars.
- Taxon
- creeping bentgrassAgrostis stoloniferat0
- Treatment
- foliar application of VDALe0
- Outcome
- photochemical efficiency, and cell membrane stabilitye0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- hot summer months of 2022 and 2023e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar application of VDAL improved turf quality, chlorophyll content, photochemical efficiency, and cell membrane stability of the two cultivars during hot summer months of 2022 and 2023”
t0“creeping bentgrass”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar VDAL could be considered for alleviating summer bentgrass decline.
- Taxon
- creeping bentgrassAgrostis stoloniferat0
- Outcome
- foliar application of VDAL could be considered an effective approach for alleviating SBDe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar application of VDAL could be considered an effective approach for alleviating SBD”
t0“creeping bentgrass”
The same questions in other papers
application · physiology: water · Agrostis stolonifera (creeping bent grass)Results agree
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- positive
application · physiology: pigments · Agrostis stolonifera (creeping bent grass)Results agree
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- positive
- positive
- positive
application · physiology: photosynthesis · Agrostis stolonifera (creeping bent grass)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.