Abstract
During reproduction in flowering plants, pollen grains form a tube that grows in a polarized fashion through the female tissues to eventually fertilize the egg cell. These highly polarized pollen tubes have a rapid rate of growth that is supported by a tip-focused delivery of membrane and cell wall components. To gain a better understanding of how this growth is regulated, we investigated the function RABA4D, a member of the Arabidopsis thaliana RabA4 subfamily of Rab GTPase proteins. Here, we show that RABA4D was expressed in a pollen-specific manner and that enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (EYFP)-RabA4d-labeled membrane compartments localized to the tips of growing pollen tubes. Mutant pollen in which the RABA4D gene was disrupted displayed bulged pollen tubes with a reduced rate of growth in vitro and displayed altered deposition of some cell wall components. Expression of EYFP-RabA4d restored wild-type phenotypes to the raba4d mutant pollen tubes, while expression of EYFP-RabA4b did not rescue the raba4d phenotype. In vivo, disruption of RABA4D resulted in a male-specific transmission defect with mutant raba4d pollen tubes displaying aberrant growth in the ovary and reduced guidance at the micropyle. We propose that RabA4d plays an important role in the regulation of pollen tube tip growth.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
RABA4D is expressed in a pollen-specific manner in Arabidopsis thaliana.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thalianat0 - Organ / stage
- pollene0
- Gene
- RABA4De0
- Outcome
- expressed in a pollen-specific mannere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“inArabidopsis thaliana”
e0“RABA4D was expressed in a pollen-specific manner”
Claim · model-written summary
EYFP-RabA4d-labelled membrane compartments localize to the tips of growing pollen tubes.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Organ / stage
- tips of growing pollen tubese1
- Gene
- RabA4de1
- Outcome
- RabA4d-labeled membrane compartmentse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“inArabidopsis thaliana”
e1“enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (EYFP)-RabA4d-labeled membrane compartments localized to the tips of growing pollen tubes”
Claim · model-written summary
Disrupting RABA4D reduced the in vitro rate of pollen tube growth.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Organ / stage
- pollen tubese2
- Treatment
- RABA4D gene was disruptede2
- Gene
- RABA4De2
- Outcome
- rate of growthe2
- Direction
- reducede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“inArabidopsis thaliana”
e2“Mutant pollen in which the RABA4D gene was disrupted displayed bulged pollen tubes with a reduced rate of growth in vitro”
Claim · model-written summary
Disrupting RABA4D caused bulged pollen tubes.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- RABA4D gene was disruptede2
- Outcome
- bulged pollen tubese2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“inArabidopsis thaliana”
e2“Mutant pollen in which the RABA4D gene was disrupted displayed bulged pollen tubes with a reduced rate of growth in vitro”
Claim · model-written summary
Disrupting RABA4D altered the deposition of some cell wall components in pollen tubes.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- RABA4D gene was disruptede2
- Outcome
- deposition of some cell wall componentse3
- Direction
- alterede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“inArabidopsis thaliana”
e2“Mutant pollen in which the RABA4D gene was disrupted displayed bulged pollen tubes with a reduced rate of growth in vitro”
e3“displayed altered deposition of some cell wall components”
Claim · model-written summary
Expression of EYFP-RabA4d restored wild-type phenotypes to raba4d mutant pollen tubes.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- Expression of EYFP-RabA4de4
- Gene
- EYFP-RabA4de4
- Outcome
- wild-type phenotypese4
- Direction
- restorede4
- Comparator
- raba4d mutant pollen tubese4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“inArabidopsis thaliana”
e4“Expression of EYFP-RabA4d restored wild-type phenotypes to the raba4d mutant pollen tubes”
Claim · model-written summary
Expression of EYFP-RabA4b did not rescue the raba4d phenotype.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- EYFP-RabA4be5
- Gene
- RabA4be5
- Outcome
- raba4d phenotypee5
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“inArabidopsis thaliana”
e5“expression of EYFP-RabA4b did not rescue the raba4d phenotype”
Claim · model-written summary
Disruption of RABA4D caused a male-specific transmission defect.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- disruption of RABA4De6
- Outcome
- male-specific transmission defecte6
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“inArabidopsis thaliana”
e6“disruption of RABA4D resulted in a male-specific transmission defect with mutant raba4d pollen tubes displaying aberrant growth in the ovary and reduced guidance at the micropyle”
Claim · model-written summary
Mutant raba4d pollen tubes showed aberrant growth in the ovary.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- raba4de6
- Outcome
- aberrant growth in the ovarye6
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“inArabidopsis thaliana”
e6“disruption of RABA4D resulted in a male-specific transmission defect with mutant raba4d pollen tubes displaying aberrant growth in the ovary and reduced guidance at the micropyle”
Claim · model-written summary
Disruption of RABA4D reduced guidance of pollen tubes at the micropyle.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- disruption of RABA4De6
- Outcome
- guidance at the micropylee6
- Direction
- reducede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“inArabidopsis thaliana”
e6“disruption of RABA4D resulted in a male-specific transmission defect with mutant raba4d pollen tubes displaying aberrant growth in the ovary and reduced guidance at the micropyle”
Claim · model-written summary
RabA4d is proposed to play an important role in regulating pollen tube tip growth.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Gene
- RabA4de7
- Outcome
- pollen tube tip growthe7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“inArabidopsis thaliana”
e7“We propose that RabA4d plays an important role in the regulation of pollen tube tip growth”
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