Abstract
Both mannitol and sucrose (Suc) are primary photosynthetic products in celery (Apium graveolens L.). In other biological systems mannitol has been shown to serve as a compatible solute or osmoprotectant involved in stress tolerance. Although mannitol, like Suc, is translocated and serves as a reserve carbohydrate in celery, its role in stress tolerance has yet to be resolved. Mature celery plants exposed to low (25 mM NaCl), intermediate (100 mM NaCl), and high (300 mM NaCl) salinities displayed substantial salt tolerance. Shoot fresh weight was increased at low NaCl concentrations when compared with controls, and growth continued, although at slower rates, even after prolonged exposure to high salinities. Gas-exchange analyses showed that low NaCl levels had little or no effect on photosynthetic carbon assimilation (A), but at intermediate levels decreases in stomatal conductance limited A, and at the highest NaCl levels carboxylation capacity (as measured by analyses of the CO2 assimilation response to changing internal CO2 partial pressures) and electron transport (as indicated by fluorescence measurements) were the apparent prevailing limits to A. Increasing salinities up to 300 mM, however, increased mannitol accumulation and decreased Suc and starch pools in leaf tissues, e.g. the ratio of mannitol to Suc increased almost 10-fold. These changes were due in part to shifts in photosynthetic carbon partitioning (as measured by 14C labeling) from Suc into mannitol. Salt treatments increased the activity of mannose-6-phosphate reductase (M6PR), a key enzyme in mannitol biosynthesis, 6-fold in young leaves and 2-fold in fully expanded, mature leaves, but increases in M6PR protein were not apparent in the older leaves. Mannitol biosynthetic capacity (as measured by labeling rates) was maintained despite salt treatment, and relative partitioning into mannitol consequently increased despite decreased photosynthetic capacity. The results support a suggested role for mannitol accumulation in adaptation to and tolerance of salinity stress.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Mature celery plants exposed to 25, 100 and 300 mM NaCl displayed substantial salt tolerance.
- Taxon
- celery
%2C_Elswick%2C_Northumberland_4.jpg?width=60)
Apium graveolens Dulce Groupe0 - Treatment
- low (25 mM NaCl), intermediate (100 mM NaCl), and high (300 mM NaCl) salinitiese0
- Outcome
- substantial salt tolerancee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
%2C_Elswick%2C_Northumberland_4.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Mature celery plants exposed to low (25 mM NaCl), intermediate (100 mM NaCl), and high (300 mM NaCl) salinities displayed substantial salt tolerance”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot fresh weight of celery increased at low NaCl concentrations compared with controls.
- Taxon
- celeryApium graveolens Dulce Groupe0
- Treatment
- low NaCl concentrationse1
- Outcome
- Shoot fresh weighte1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- controlse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mature celery plants”
e1“Shoot fresh weight was increased at low NaCl concentrations when compared with controls”
Claim · model-written summary
Celery growth continued at slower rates even after prolonged exposure to high salinities.
- Taxon
- celeryApium graveolens Dulce Groupe0
- Treatment
- prolonged exposure to high salinitiese1
- Outcome
- growth continuede1
- Qualifier
- at slower ratese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mature celery plants”
e1“growth continued, although at slower rates, even after prolonged exposure to high salinities”
Claim · model-written summary
Low NaCl levels had little or no effect on photosynthetic carbon assimilation in celery.
- Taxon
- celeryApium graveolens Dulce Groupe0
- Treatment
- low NaCl levelse1
- Outcome
- photosynthetic carbon assimilatione1
- Direction
- little or no effecte1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mature celery plants”
e1“low NaCl levels had little or no effect on photosynthetic carbon assimilation (A)”
Claim · model-written summary
At intermediate NaCl levels, decreases in stomatal conductance limited photosynthetic carbon assimilation in celery.
- Taxon
- celeryApium graveolens Dulce Groupe0
- Treatment
- intermediate levelse1
- Outcome
- stomatal conductancee1
- Direction
- decreasese1
- Qualifier
- limited Ae1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mature celery plants”
e1“at intermediate levels decreases in stomatal conductance limited A”
Claim · model-written summary
At the highest NaCl levels, carboxylation capacity and electron transport were the apparent prevailing limits to photosynthetic assimilation in celery.
- Taxon
- celeryApium graveolens Dulce Groupe0
- Treatment
- highest NaCl levelse1
- Outcome
- apparent prevailing limits to Ae1
- Qualifier
- carboxylation capacitye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mature celery plants”
e1“at the highest NaCl levels carboxylation capacity (as measured by analyses of the CO2 assimilation response to changing internal CO2 partial pressures) and electron transport (as indicated by fluorescence measurements) were the apparent prevailing limits to A”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing salinity up to 300 mM increased mannitol accumulation in celery leaf tissues.
- Taxon
- celeryApium graveolens Dulce Groupe0
- Organ / stage
- leaf tissuese1
- Treatment
- Increasing salinities up to 300 mMe1
- Outcome
- mannitol accumulatione1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mature celery plants”
e1“Increasing salinities up to 300 mM, however, increased mannitol accumulation and decreased Suc and starch pools in leaf tissues”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing salinity up to 300 mM decreased sucrose and starch pools in celery leaf tissues.
- Taxon
- celeryApium graveolens Dulce Groupe0
- Organ / stage
- leaf tissuese1
- Treatment
- Increasing salinities up to 300 mMe1
- Outcome
- Suc and starch poolse1
- Direction
- decreasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mature celery plants”
e1“Increasing salinities up to 300 mM, however, increased mannitol accumulation and decreased Suc and starch pools in leaf tissues”
Claim · model-written summary
The ratio of mannitol to sucrose in celery increased almost 10-fold with increasing salinity.
- Taxon
- celeryApium graveolens Dulce Groupe0
- Outcome
- ratio of mannitol to Suce1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- almost 10-folde1
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mature celery plants”
e1“the ratio of mannitol to Suc increased almost 10-fold”
Claim · model-written summary
The changes in mannitol and sucrose were due in part to shifts in photosynthetic carbon partitioning from sucrose into mannitol, measured by 14C labeling.
- Taxon
- celeryApium graveolens Dulce Groupe0
- Compound
- mannitole1
- Outcome
- photosynthetic carbon partitioninge1
- Qualifier
- from Suc into mannitole1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mature celery plants”
e1“These changes were due in part to shifts in photosynthetic carbon partitioning (as measured by 14C labeling) from Suc into mannitol”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt treatments increased mannose-6-phosphate reductase activity 6-fold in young celery leaves.
- Taxon
- celeryApium graveolens Dulce Groupe0
- Organ / stage
- young leavese1
- Treatment
- Salt treatmentse1
- Gene
- mannose-6-phosphate reductase (M6PR)e1
- Outcome
- activity of mannose-6-phosphate reductase (M6PR)e1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 6-folde1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mature celery plants”
e1“Salt treatments increased the activity of mannose-6-phosphate reductase (M6PR), a key enzyme in mannitol biosynthesis, 6-fold in young leaves and 2-fold in fully expanded, mature leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt treatments increased mannose-6-phosphate reductase activity 2-fold in fully expanded, mature celery leaves.
- Taxon
- celeryApium graveolens Dulce Groupe0
- Organ / stage
- fully expanded, mature leavese1
- Treatment
- Salt treatmentse1
- Gene
- mannose-6-phosphate reductase (M6PR)e1
- Outcome
- activity of mannose-6-phosphate reductase (M6PR)e1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 2-folde1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mature celery plants”
e1“Salt treatments increased the activity of mannose-6-phosphate reductase (M6PR), a key enzyme in mannitol biosynthesis, 6-fold in young leaves and 2-fold in fully expanded, mature leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Increases in M6PR protein were not apparent in the older celery leaves.
- Taxon
- celeryApium graveolens Dulce Groupe0
- Organ / stage
- older leavese1
- Gene
- M6PR proteine1
- Outcome
- increases in M6PR protein were not apparente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mature celery plants”
e1“increases in M6PR protein were not apparent in the older leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Mannitol biosynthetic capacity, measured by labeling rates, was maintained in celery despite salt treatment.
- Taxon
- celeryApium graveolens Dulce Groupe0
- Treatment
- salt treatmente1
- Outcome
- Mannitol biosynthetic capacitye1
- Direction
- maintainede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mature celery plants”
e1“Mannitol biosynthetic capacity (as measured by labeling rates) was maintained despite salt treatment, and relative partitioning into mannitol consequently increased despite decreased photosynthetic capacity”
Claim · model-written summary
Relative partitioning into mannitol in celery increased despite decreased photosynthetic capacity under salt treatment.
- Taxon
- celeryApium graveolens Dulce Groupe0
- Treatment
- salt treatmente1
- Outcome
- relative partitioning into mannitole1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Qualifier
- despite decreased photosynthetic capacitye1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mature celery plants”
e1“Mannitol biosynthetic capacity (as measured by labeling rates) was maintained despite salt treatment, and relative partitioning into mannitol consequently increased despite decreased photosynthetic capacity”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that the results support a role for mannitol accumulation in adaptation to and tolerance of salinity stress in celery.
- Taxon
- celeryApium graveolens Dulce Groupe0
- Compound
- mannitole1
- Outcome
- tolerance of salinity stresse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mature celery plants”
e1“The results support a suggested role for mannitol accumulation in adaptation to and tolerance of salinity stress”
The same questions in other papers
sodium chloride · physiology: photosynthesis · Apium graveolensResults differ
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
sodium chloride · growth · Apium graveolensResults differ
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.