Abstract
Sugars and sugar alcohols have well-documented roles in salt tolerance of whole plants and maturing seeds. Less is known, however, about possible effects of these compounds during germination. Seeds from mannitol-accumulating salt-tolerant celery [ Apium graveolens L. var. dulce (P. Mill.) DC], non-mannitol-accumulating salt-tolerant cabbage ( Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L. ‘Golden Acre’), and salt-sensitive non-mannitol-accumulating tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum L.) and arabidopsis [ Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh.] were placed on vertical Phytagel plates containing 0 to 300 m m NaCl. Germination percentage, root elongation, and carbohydrate content of seeds and seedlings were assessed. With the exception of cabbage, there was no positive relationship between ability to germinate in NaCl and the reported species salt tolerance of the mature plant. For instance, while cabbage seeds germinated in 300 m m NaCl, germination of two celery cultivars was inhibited completely by 150 m m NaCl. In contrast, seeds from salt-sensitive tobacco and arabidopsis germinated in 200 m m NaCl. There was also no obvious relationship between the observed salt tolerance and total soluble carbohydrates in either non-imbibed seeds or in seedlings germinated in salt. For example, the most-salt tolerant species in these studies, cabbage, had the third highest seed and seedling carbohydrate concentration, while the next most tolerant, arabidopsis, had the lowest. However, both species contained significant amounts of the osmoprotective oligosaccharides raffinose or stachyose. In addition, although celery seedling mannitol concentration initially increased at low NaCl concentrations (50 m m ), germination and mannitol concentration decreased at higher NaCl concentrations (100 m m ). Finally, the broadest response observed was a large increase in seedling sucrose at the lowest salt concentration that significantly inhibited germination. Although most seeds, with the notable exception of cabbage, did not germinate at 150 m m NaCl, they were still metabolically active because the sucrose content was two to eight times higher than in non-imbibed seeds, suggesting a possible role for sucrose in salt-stressed germinating seeds. These results not only suggest that mechanisms providing salt tolerance in mature plants are different from those in germinating seeds, but also that, even when the same mechanisms are employed, they may be less effective in seeds.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Cabbage seeds germinated at 300 m m NaCl.
- Taxon
- cabbage
Brassica oleracea var. capitatae0 - Treatment
- 300 m m NaCle0
- Outcome
- seeds germinatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cabbage seeds germinated in 300 m m NaCl”
Claim · model-written summary
Germination of two celery cultivars was completely inhibited at 150 m m NaCl.
- Taxon
- celery
%2C_Elswick%2C_Northumberland_4.jpg?width=60)
Apium graveolens Dulce Groupe0 - Treatment
- 150 m m NaCle0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- inhibited completelye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
%2C_Elswick%2C_Northumberland_4.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“germination of two celery cultivars was inhibited completely by 150 m m NaCl”
Claim · model-written summary
Tobacco seeds germinated at 200 m m NaCl.
- Taxon
- tobacco
Nicotiana tabacume0 - Treatment
- 200 m m NaCle0
- Outcome
- germinatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seeds from salt-sensitive tobacco and arabidopsis germinated in 200 m m NaCl”
Claim · model-written summary
Arabidopsis seeds germinated at 200 m m NaCl.
- Taxon
- arabidopsis
Arabidopsise0 - Treatment
- 200 m m NaCle0
- Outcome
- germinatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seeds from salt-sensitive tobacco and arabidopsis germinated in 200 m m NaCl”
Claim · model-written summary
Germination tolerance generally did not match reported mature-plant salt tolerance, except in cabbage.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae0
- Outcome
- ability to germinate in NaCle0
- Direction
- no positive relationshipe0
- Comparator
- reported species salt tolerance of the mature plante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With the exception of cabbage, there was no positive relationship between ability to germinate in NaCl and the reported species salt tolerance of the mature plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt tolerance showed no obvious relation to total soluble carbohydrates in seeds or seedlings.
- Compound
- total soluble carbohydratese0
- Outcome
- observed salt tolerancee0
- Direction
- no obvious relationshipe0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“There was also no obvious relationship between the observed salt tolerance and total soluble carbohydrates in either non-imbibed seeds or in seedlings germinated in salt”
Claim · model-written summary
Cabbage had the third highest seed and seedling carbohydrate concentration.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae0
- Outcome
- seed and seedling carbohydrate concentratione0
- Direction
- third higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cabbage, had the third highest seed and seedling carbohydrate concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Arabidopsis had the lowest seed and seedling carbohydrate concentration.
- Taxon
- arabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Outcome
- loweste0
- Direction
- loweste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“arabidopsis, had the lowest”
Claim · model-written summary
Cabbage contained significant amounts of raffinose or stachyose.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae1
- Outcome
- raffinose or stachyosee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both species contained significant amounts of the osmoprotective oligosaccharides raffinose or stachyose”
e1“cabbage, had the third highest seed and seedling carbohydrate concentration”
t0“Seeds Germinated Under Salt Stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Arabidopsis contained significant amounts of raffinose or stachyose.
- Outcome
- raffinose or stachyosee0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“both species contained significant amounts of the osmoprotective oligosaccharides raffinose or stachyose”
Claim · model-written summary
Celery seedling mannitol concentration increased initially at 50 m m NaCl.
- Taxon
- celeryApium graveolens Dulce Groupe0
- Treatment
- 50 m me0
- Outcome
- seedling mannitol concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“celery seedling mannitol concentration initially increased at low NaCl concentrations (50 m m )”
Claim · model-written summary
Celery germination decreased at 100 m m NaCl.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“germination and mannitol concentration decreased at higher NaCl concentrations (100 m m )”
Claim · model-written summary
Celery mannitol concentration decreased at 100 m m NaCl.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“mannitol concentration decreased at higher NaCl concentrations (100 m m )”
Claim · model-written summary
Seedling sucrose increased greatly at the lowest salt concentration that inhibited germination.
- Treatment
- lowest salt concentration that significantly inhibited germinatione0
- Outcome
- seedling sucrosee0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“a large increase in seedling sucrose at the lowest salt concentration that significantly inhibited germination”
Claim · model-written summary
Most seeds except cabbage failed to germinate at 150 m m NaCl.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“most seeds, with the notable exception of cabbage, did not germinate at 150 m m NaCl”
Claim · model-written summary
Sucrose content was two to eight times higher than in non-imbibed seeds.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“sucrose content was two to eight times higher than in non-imbibed seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Mature plant salt tolerance mechanisms may differ from those in germinating seeds.
- Outcome
- salt tolerancee0
- Qualifier
- mechanisms providing salt tolerance in mature plants are different from those in germinating seedse0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“mechanisms providing salt tolerance in mature plants are different from those in germinating seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Shared salt tolerance mechanisms may be less effective in seeds.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“even when the same mechanisms are employed, they may be less effective in seeds”
The same questions in other papers
sodium chloride · growth · Apium graveolensResults differ
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
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7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.