Abstract
Chopped alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), alfalfa hay extract, and ammonium hydroxide produced free ammonia in media and inhibited both germination and seedling growth of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Toxic levels of ammonia were not produced by the quantities of manure added to the media. Alfalfa extract enhanced cucumber seedling growth in sand medium while inhibiting growth in sand-soil media. This difference is attributed to a reduced level of microbial activity in the sand. With higher levels of microbial activity, rapid decomposition of the extract may have resulted in a burst of ammonia evolution that proved damaging to cucumbers. The natural buffering capacity of the soil medium apparently mitigated the effects of the ammonia. Ammonium hydroxide, which did not depend on microbiological activity to release ammonia, proved lethal to cucumbers grown in sand. A diminished effect on growth was observed as the cation exchange capacity of the medium increased. Because high levels of alfalfa hay and ammonium hydroxide were required to produce toxic levels of ammonia in soil, it is unlikely that cucumbers would be harmed under normal field usage of alfalfa hay.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Chopped alfalfa produced ammonia and inhibited cucumber germination and growth.
- Taxon
- cucumber
Cucumis sativuse0 - Treatment
- Chopped alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)e0
- Outcome
- germination and seedling growth of cucumbere0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chopped alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), alfalfa hay extract, and ammonium hydroxide produced free ammonia in media and inhibited both germination and seedling growth of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.).”
Claim · model-written summary
Alfalfa hay extract produced ammonia and inhibited cucumber germination and growth.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- alfalfa hay extracte0
- Outcome
- germination and seedling growth of cucumbere0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“alfalfa hay extract, and ammonium hydroxide produced free ammonia in media and inhibited both germination and seedling growth of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.).”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium hydroxide produced ammonia and inhibited cucumber germination and growth.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- ammonium hydroxidee0
- Outcome
- germination and seedling growth of cucumbere0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ammonium hydroxide produced free ammonia in media and inhibited both germination and seedling growth of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.).”
Claim · model-written summary
Manure additions did not produce toxic ammonia.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Outcome
- Toxic levels of ammoniae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Toxic levels of ammonia were not produced by the quantities of manure added to the media.”
t0“Cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
Alfalfa extract enhanced cucumber growth in sand.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- Alfalfa extracte0
- Outcome
- cucumber seedling growthe0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Alfalfa extract enhanced cucumber seedling growth in sand medium”
Claim · model-written summary
Alfalfa extract inhibited growth in sand soil medium.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- Alfalfa extracte0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Alfalfa extract enhanced cucumber seedling growth in sand medium while inhibiting growth in sand-soil media.”
Claim · model-written summary
The medium difference was attributed to lower microbial activity in sand.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Outcome
- This differencee0
- Qualifier
- reduced level of microbial activity in the sande0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This difference is attributed to a reduced level of microbial activity in the sand.”
t0“Cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
Rapid decomposition may have caused harmful ammonia release.
- Taxon
- cucumbersCucumis sativuse0
- Outcome
- damaging to cucumberse0
- Qualifier
- rapid decomposition of the extract may have resulted in a burst of ammonia evolutione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With higher levels of microbial activity, rapid decomposition of the extract may have resulted in a burst of ammonia evolution that proved damaging to cucumbers.”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil buffering apparently mitigated ammonia effects.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Outcome
- effects of the ammoniae0
- Qualifier
- natural buffering capacity of the soil mediume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The natural buffering capacity of the soil medium apparently mitigated the effects of the ammonia.”
t0“Cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium hydroxide killed cucumbers in sand.
- Taxon
- cucumbersCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- Ammonium hydroxidee0
- Outcome
- lethal to cucumberse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ammonium hydroxide, which did not depend on microbiological activity to release ammonia, proved lethal to cucumbers grown in sand.”
Claim · model-written summary
Growth damage diminished as medium cation exchange capacity increased.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Outcome
- effect on growthe0
- Direction
- diminishede0
- Setting
- mediume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A diminished effect on growth was observed as the cation exchange capacity of the medium increased.”
t0“Cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
Normal field use of alfalfa hay was judged unlikely to harm cucumbers.
- Taxon
- cucumbersCucumis sativuse0
- Outcome
- normal field usage of alfalfa haye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it is unlikely that cucumbers would be harmed under normal field usage of alfalfa hay.”
The same questions in other papers
Medicago sativa · growth · Cucumis sativus (cucumber)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
botanical · growth · Cucumis sativus (cucumber)Positive and negative results
65 papers in the same direction as this paper · 44 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- no effect
107 papers more in this group
See all 111 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.