Abstract
To distinguish their roles in early kernel development and stress, expression of soluble (Ivr2) and insoluble (Incw2) acid invertases was analyzed in young ovaries of maize (Zea mays) from 6 d before (-6 d) to 7 d after pollination (+7 d) and in response to perturbation by drought stress treatments. The Ivr2 soluble invertase mRNA was more abundant than the Incw2 mRNA throughout pre- and early post-pollination development (peaking at +3 d). In contrast, Incw2 mRNAs increased only after pollination. Drought repression of the Ivr2 soluble invertase also preceded changes in Incw2, with soluble activity responding before pollination (-4 d). Distinct profiles of Ivr2 and Incw2 mRNAs correlated with respective enzyme activities and indicated separate roles for these invertases during ovary development and stress. In addition, the drought-induced decrease and developmental changes of ovary hexose to sucrose ratio correlated with activity of soluble but not insoluble invertase. Ovary abscisic acid levels were increased by severe drought only at -6 d and did not appear to directly affect Ivr2 expression. In situ analysis showed localized activity and Ivr2 mRNA for soluble invertase at sites of phloem-unloading and expanding maternal tissues (greatest in terminal vascular zones and nearby cells of pericarp, pedicel, and basal nucellus). This early pattern of maternal invertase localization is clearly distinct from the well-characterized association of insoluble invertase with the basal endosperm later in development. This localization, the shifts in endogenous hexose to sucrose environment, and the distinct timing of soluble and insoluble invertase expression during development and stress collectively indicate a key role and critical sensitivity of the Ivr2 soluble invertase gene during the early, abortion-susceptible phase of development.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Ivr2 mRNA exceeded Incw2 mRNA before and shortly after pollination, peaking at +3 d.
- Gene
- Ivr2e0
- Outcome
- Ivr2 soluble invertase mRNAe0
- Direction
- more abundante0
- Value
- +3 de0
- Comparator
- Incw2 mRNAe0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Ivr2 soluble invertase mRNA was more abundant than the Incw2 mRNA throughout pre- and early post-pollination development (peaking at +3 d)”
t0“in Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Incw2 mRNA increased only after pollination.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Incw2 mRNAs increased only after pollination”
t0“in Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought repressed Ivr2 before Incw2 changed, with soluble activity responding before pollination.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drought repression of the Ivr2 soluble invertase also preceded changes in Incw2, with soluble activity responding before pollination (-4 d)”
t0“in Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Ivr2 and Incw2 transcript profiles correlated with their respective enzyme activities.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Distinct profiles of Ivr2 and Incw2 mRNAs correlated with respective enzyme activities”
t0“in Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought-associated and developmental changes in ovary hexose to sucrose ratio correlated with soluble invertase activity.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the drought-induced decrease and developmental changes of ovary hexose to sucrose ratio correlated with activity of soluble but not insoluble invertase”
t0“in Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Severe drought increased ovary abscisic acid only at -6 d.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ovary abscisic acid levels were increased by severe drought only at -6 d”
t0“in Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Abscisic acid did not appear to directly affect Ivr2 expression.
- Gene
- Ivr2e0
- Compound
- abscisic acide1
- Outcome
- Ivr2 expressione0
- Direction
- did not appear to directly affecte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“did not appear to directly affect Ivr2 expression”
e1“Ovary abscisic acid levels”
t0“in Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Soluble invertase activity and Ivr2 mRNA localized at phloem unloading and expanding maternal tissues.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“localized activity and Ivr2 mRNA for soluble invertase at sites of phloem-unloading and expanding maternal tissues (greatest in terminal vascular zones and nearby cells of pericarp, pedicel, and basal nucellus)”
t0“in Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Maternal soluble invertase localization differed from insoluble invertase association with basal endosperm later in development.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This early pattern of maternal invertase localization is clearly distinct from the well-characterized association of insoluble invertase with the basal endosperm later in development”
t0“in Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The findings indicate a key role and early abortion sensitivity of Ivr2 in ovary development.
- Organ / stage
- early, abortion-susceptible phase of developmente0
- Gene
- Ivr2 soluble invertase genee0
- Outcome
- critical sensitivitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“indicate a key role and critical sensitivity of the Ivr2 soluble invertase gene during the early, abortion-susceptible phase of development”
t0“in Maize”
The same questions in other papers
drought · physiology: hormones · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
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- positive
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See all 12 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.