Abstract
Antisense-mediated down-regulation of the fruit-specific polygalacturonase (PG) gene FaPG1 in strawberries (Fragaria×ananassa Duch.) has been previously demonstrated to reduce fruit softening and to extend post-harvest shelf life, despite the low PG activity detected in this fruit. The improved fruit traits were suggested to be attributable to a reduced cell wall disassembly due to FaPG1 silencing. This research provides empirical evidence that supports this assumption at the biochemical, cellular, and tissue levels. Cell wall modifications of two independent transgenic antisense lines that demonstrated a >90% reduction in FaPG1 transcript levels were analysed. Sequential extraction of cell wall fractions from control and ripe fruits exhibited a 42% decrease in pectin solubilization in transgenic fruits. A detailed chromatographic analysis of the gel filtration pectin profiles of the different cell wall fractions revealed a diminished depolymerization of the more tightly bound pectins in transgenic fruits, which were solubilized with both a chelating agent and sodium carbonate. The cell wall extracts from antisense FaPG1 fruits also displayed less severe in vitro swelling. A histological analysis revealed more extended cell-cell adhesion areas and an enhanced tissue integrity in transgenic ripe fruits. An immunohistological analysis of fruit sections using the JIM5 antibody against low methyl-esterified pectins demonstrated a higher labelling in transgenic fruit sections, whereas minor differences were observed with JIM7, an antibody that recognizes highly methyl-esterified pectins. These results support that the increased firmness of transgenic antisense FaPG1 strawberry fruits is predominantly due to a decrease in pectin solubilization and depolymerization that correlates with more tightly attached cell wall-bound pectins. This limited disassembly in the transgenic lines indicates that these pectin fractions could play a key role in tissue integrity maintenance that results in firmer ripe fruit.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Two antisense FaPG1 transgenic strawberry lines showed a >90% reduction in FaPG1 transcript levels.
- Taxon
- strawberry
_single2.jpg?width=60)
Fragaria ×ananassat0 - Treatment
- antisensee0
- Gene
- FaPG1e0
- Outcome
- FaPG1 transcript levelse0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- >90%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_single2.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“ripe strawberry fruits”
e0“Cell wall modifications of two independent transgenic antisense lines that demonstrated a >90% reduction in FaPG1 transcript levels were analysed”
Claim · model-written summary
FaPG1 gene silencing decreased pectin solubilization by 42% in ripe strawberry fruits compared with control fruits.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Organ / stage
- ripe fruitse1
- Treatment
- FaPG1 gene silencingt1
- Outcome
- pectin solubilizatione1
- Direction
- decreasee1
- Value
- 42%e1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“ripe strawberry fruits”
t1“FaPG1 gene silencing”
e1“Sequential extraction of cell wall fractions from control and ripe fruits exhibited a 42% decrease in pectin solubilization in transgenic fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
FaPG1 gene silencing diminished depolymerization of the more tightly bound pectins in strawberry fruits.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- FaPG1 gene silencingt1
- Outcome
- depolymerization of the more tightly bound pectinse2
- Direction
- diminishede2
- Qualifier
- solubilized with both a chelating agent and sodium carbonatee2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“ripe strawberry fruits”
t1“FaPG1 gene silencing”
e2“A detailed chromatographic analysis of the gel filtration pectin profiles of the different cell wall fractions revealed a diminished depolymerization of the more tightly bound pectins in transgenic fruits, which were solubilized with both a chelating agent and sodium carbonate”
Claim · model-written summary
Cell wall extracts from antisense FaPG1 strawberry fruits showed less severe in vitro swelling.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- antisense FaPG1e3
- Outcome
- in vitro swellinge3
- Direction
- less severee3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“ripe strawberry fruits”
t1“FaPG1 gene silencing”
e3“The cell wall extracts from antisense FaPG1 fruits also displayed less severe in vitro swelling”
Claim · model-written summary
FaPG1 gene silencing led to more extended cell-cell adhesion areas in ripe strawberry fruits.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Organ / stage
- ripe fruitse4
- Treatment
- FaPG1 gene silencingt1
- Outcome
- cell-cell adhesion arease4
- Direction
- more extendede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“ripe strawberry fruits”
t1“FaPG1 gene silencing”
e4“A histological analysis revealed more extended cell-cell adhesion areas and an enhanced tissue integrity in transgenic ripe fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
FaPG1 gene silencing enhanced tissue integrity in ripe strawberry fruits.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Organ / stage
- ripe fruitse4
- Treatment
- FaPG1 gene silencingt1
- Outcome
- tissue integritye4
- Direction
- enhancede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“ripe strawberry fruits”
t1“FaPG1 gene silencing”
e4“A histological analysis revealed more extended cell-cell adhesion areas and an enhanced tissue integrity in transgenic ripe fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
Transgenic FaPG1-silenced strawberry fruit sections had higher JIM5 labelling of low methyl-esterified pectins.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- FaPG1 gene silencingt1
- Outcome
- labellinge5
- Direction
- highere5
- Qualifier
- JIM5 antibody against low methyl-esterified pectinse5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“ripe strawberry fruits”
t1“FaPG1 gene silencing”
e5“An immunohistological analysis of fruit sections using the JIM5 antibody against low methyl-esterified pectins demonstrated a higher labelling in transgenic fruit sections”
Claim · model-written summary
JIM7 labelling of highly methyl-esterified pectins showed only minor differences between FaPG1-silenced and control strawberry fruit sections.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- FaPG1 gene silencingt1
- Outcome
- differencese6
- Qualifier
- with JIM7, an antibody that recognizes highly methyl-esterified pectinse6
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“ripe strawberry fruits”
t1“FaPG1 gene silencing”
e6“whereas minor differences were observed with JIM7, an antibody that recognizes highly methyl-esterified pectins”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased firmness of transgenic antisense FaPG1 strawberry fruits is predominantly due to decreased pectin solubilization and depolymerization.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Gene
- FaPG1e7
- Outcome
- firmnesse7
- Qualifier
- predominantly due to a decrease in pectin solubilization and depolymerizatione7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“ripe strawberry fruits”
e7“These results support that the increased firmness of transgenic antisense FaPG1 strawberry fruits is predominantly due to a decrease in pectin solubilization and depolymerization that correlates with more tightly attached cell wall-bound pectins”
Claim · model-written summary
Pectin fractions could play a key role in tissue integrity maintenance that results in firmer ripe strawberry fruit.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Compound
- pectin fractionse7
- Outcome
- tissue integrity maintenancee7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“ripe strawberry fruits”
e7“This limited disassembly in the transgenic lines indicates that these pectin fractions could play a key role in tissue integrity maintenance that results in firmer ripe fruit”
The same questions in other papers
loss of function · molecular: metabolites · Fragaria x ananassa (strawberry)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.