Abstract
A fixed-plot management study for control of acetolactate synthase (ALS)–resistant common cocklebur in soybean was initiated in 1994 at Fayetteville, AR. Three susceptible and three imazaquin-resistant common cocklebur plants were transplanted into the field, and seed (burs) were distributed throughout the plots in the fall of 1994. Herbicide treatments included imazaquin, chlorimuron, and chlorimuron plus metribuzin applied each year from 1995 through 1999 and herbicide rotations containing ALS inhibitors and herbicides with alternative modes of action. Effectiveness of management systems and the dynamics of the development of common cocklebur resistance, including development of resistance to imazaquin and chlorimuron, were evaluated. Imazaquin controlled susceptible common cocklebur populations in 1995 but not the resistant population, resulting in significant soybean yield reduction. By the end of the 1996 season, the resistant biotype dominated imazaquin plots, and a high level of cross-resistance to chlorimuron was observed in the population. Resistant populations were reduced by non-ALS herbicide programs of sulfentrazone plus clomazone applied preemergence (PRE), metribuzin plus clomazone applied PRE followed by bentazon applied postemergence (POST), and transgenic herbicide programs of glyphosate and glufosinate applied POST. Rotating ALS inhibitors with non–ALS-inhibiting heribicides may slow the development of resistance, but resistant individuals may eventually dominate the population.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Imazaquin controlled susceptible common cocklebur in 1995.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- Imazaquine0
- Interactor
- common cocklebure0weed
- Outcome
- susceptible common cocklebur populationse0
- Direction
- controllede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean”
e0“Imazaquin controlled susceptible common cocklebur populations in 1995 but not the resistant population”
Claim · model-written summary
Imazaquin did not control resistant common cocklebur in 1995.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Imazaquine0
- Interactor
- common cocklebure0weed
- Outcome
- resistant populatione0
- Direction
- note0
- Comparator
- susceptible common cocklebur populationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean”
e0“Imazaquin controlled susceptible common cocklebur populations in 1995 but not the resistant population”
Claim · model-written summary
Failure to control resistant common cocklebur significantly reduced soybean yield.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Interactor
- resistant populatione0weed
- Outcome
- soybean yielde0
- Direction
- reductione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean”
e0“not the resistant population, resulting in significant soybean yield reduction”
Claim · model-written summary
The resistant cocklebur biotype dominated imazaquin plots by the end of 1996.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- imazaquine0
- Interactor
- resistant biotypee0weed
- Outcome
- resistant biotype dominatede0
- Qualifier
- end of the 1996 seasone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean”
e0“By the end of the 1996 season, the resistant biotype dominated imazaquin plots”
Claim · model-written summary
The resistant population showed high cross resistance to chlorimuron.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Interactor
- common cocklebure1weed
- Outcome
- cross-resistance to chlorimurone0
- Qualifier
- high levele0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean”
e0“a high level of cross-resistance to chlorimuron was observed in the population”
e1“common cocklebur resistance”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulfentrazone plus clomazone reduced resistant cocklebur populations.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- sulfentrazone plus clomazone applied preemergence (PRE)e0
- Interactor
- Resistant populationse0weed
- Outcome
- Resistant populationse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean”
e0“Resistant populations were reduced by non-ALS herbicide programs of sulfentrazone plus clomazone applied preemergence (PRE)”
Claim · model-written summary
Metribuzin plus clomazone followed by bentazon reduced resistant cocklebur populations.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- metribuzin plus clomazone applied PRE followed by bentazon applied postemergence (POST)e0
- Interactor
- Resistant populationse0weed
- Outcome
- Resistant populationse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean”
e0“Resistant populations were reduced by non-ALS herbicide programs of sulfentrazone plus clomazone applied preemergence (PRE), metribuzin plus clomazone applied PRE followed by bentazon applied postemergence (POST)”
Claim · model-written summary
Postemergence glyphosate reduced resistant cocklebur populations.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- glyphosatee0
- Interactor
- Resistant populationse0weed
- Outcome
- Resistant populationse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean”
e0“Resistant populations were reduced by non-ALS herbicide programs of sulfentrazone plus clomazone applied preemergence (PRE), metribuzin plus clomazone applied PRE followed by bentazon applied postemergence (POST), and transgenic herbicide programs of glyphosate and glufosinate applied POST”
Claim · model-written summary
Postemergence glufosinate reduced resistant cocklebur populations.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- glufosinate applied POSTe0
- Interactor
- Resistant populationse0weed
- Outcome
- Resistant populationse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean”
e0“Resistant populations were reduced by non-ALS herbicide programs of sulfentrazone plus clomazone applied preemergence (PRE), metribuzin plus clomazone applied PRE followed by bentazon applied postemergence (POST), and transgenic herbicide programs of glyphosate and glufosinate applied POST”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest rotating ALS inhibitors with non ALS herbicides may slow resistance development, although resistant individuals may ultimately dominate.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Interactor
- resistant individualse0weed
- Outcome
- Rotating ALS inhibitors with non–ALS-inhibiting heribicidese0
- Qualifier
- resistant individuals may eventually dominate the populatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean”
e0“Rotating ALS inhibitors with non–ALS-inhibiting heribicides may slow the development of resistance, but resistant individuals may eventually dominate the population”
The same questions in other papers
sulfentrazone · disease · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
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glufosinate · disease · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
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See all 5 papers →glyphosate · disease · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
15 papers in the same direction as this paper · 9 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
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See all 25 papers →metribuzin · disease · Glycine max (soybean)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
bentazone · disease · Glycine max (soybean)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
herbicide · disease · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 11 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- negative
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See all 17 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.