Abstract
Field studies were conducted in 1999 and 2000 at Belleville, IL, to compare herbicide efficacy and economic return on investment (EROI) for various herbicide systems in conventional, imidazolinone-resistant, glufosinate-resistant, and glyphosate-resistant corn hybrids. Corn injury 14 d after RPA 201772 preemergence (PRE) treatments ranged from 0 to 10%. Treatments with nicosulfuron rimsulfuron atrazine injured corn 5 to 24% at 7 d after treatment (DAT); however, no injury was visible at 14 DAT. Corn injury by all herbicide treatments dissipated by 28 DAT. All treatments controlled giant foxtail at least 88%. Common waterhemp was controlled at least 94% with all treatments, except for imazethapyr imazapyr postemergence (POST), which did not control common waterhemp. All treatments controlled at least 92% of common cocklebur, giant ragweed, and ivyleaf morningglory, with the exception of the total PRE herbicide system of S-metolachlor atrazine in 2000. Average grain yield ranged from 7,290 to 9,180 kg/ha in 1999, with the yield of the glyphosate-resistant hybrid lower than that of all other hybrids. In 2000, average grain yield ranged from 8,440 to 11,520 kg/ha, with the grain yield of the glyphosate-resistant hybrid greater than that of all other hybrids. There were no differences in economic return in 1999 because of the treatment, the herbicide system, or the hybrid. In 2000 EROI was greater with the glyphosate-resistant hybrid than with the other hybrids. EROI was influenced more by the grain yield of the corn hybrid than by the associated weed control costs. It has been demonstrated by this research that effective and economical weed control can be achieved in all hybrids, with minimal injury.Nomenclature: Atrazine; imazapyr; imazethapyr; imidazolinone; glufosinate; glyphosate; nicosulfuron; rimsulfuron; S-metolachlor; common cocklebur, Xanthium strumarium L. #3 XANST; common waterhemp, Amaranthus rudis S. # AMATA; giant foxtail, Setaria faberi Herrm. # SETFA; giant ragweed, Ambrosia trifida L. # AMBTR; ivyleaf morningglory, Ipomoea hederacea (L.) Jacq. # IPOHE; corn, Zea mays L. # ZEAMX ‘Dekalb 626 RR’, ‘Garst 8342 IT’, ‘Pioneer 33G26’, ‘Pioneer 33G28 LL’.Additional index words: Glufosinate-resistant corn, glyphosate-resistant corn, imidazolinone-resistant corn.Abbreviations: ALS, acetolactate synthase; DAT, days after treatment; EROI, economic return on investment; fb, followed by; POST, postemergence; PRE, preemergence; PSII, photosystem II.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Corn injury after RPA 201772 ranged from 0 to 10% at 14 days.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayst0 - Treatment
- RPA 201772 preemergence (PRE) treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Corn injurye0
- Value
- 0 to 10%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Corn injury 14 d after RPA 201772 preemergence (PRE) treatments ranged from 0 to 10%.”
t0“Efficacy and Economic Return on Investment for Conventional and Herbicide-Resistant Corn (Zea mays)1”
Claim · model-written summary
Nicosulfuron rimsulfuron atrazine caused 5 to 24% injury at 7 days.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- nicosulfuron rimsulfuron atrazinee0
- Outcome
- injured corne0
- Direction
- injurede0
- Value
- 5 to 24%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatments with nicosulfuron rimsulfuron atrazine injured corn 5 to 24% at 7 d after treatment (DAT); however, no injury was visible at 14 DAT.”
t0“Efficacy and Economic Return on Investment for Conventional and Herbicide-Resistant Corn (Zea mays)1”
Claim · model-written summary
No corn injury was visible at 14 days after nicosulfuron rimsulfuron atrazine.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- nicosulfuron rimsulfuron atrazinee0
- Outcome
- injurye0
- Direction
- no injurye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatments with nicosulfuron rimsulfuron atrazine injured corn 5 to 24% at 7 d after treatment (DAT); however, no injury was visible at 14 DAT.”
t0“Efficacy and Economic Return on Investment for Conventional and Herbicide-Resistant Corn (Zea mays)1”
Claim · model-written summary
All treatments controlled giant foxtail by at least 88%.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- All treatmentse0
- Interactor
- giant foxtaile0weed
- Outcome
- giant foxtaile0
- Direction
- controllede0
- Value
- at least 88%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All treatments controlled giant foxtail at least 88%.”
t0“Efficacy and Economic Return on Investment for Conventional and Herbicide-Resistant Corn (Zea mays)1”
Claim · model-written summary
Most treatments controlled common waterhemp by at least 94%.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- all treatmentse0
- Interactor
- Common waterhempe0weed
- Outcome
- Common waterhempe0
- Direction
- controllede0
- Value
- at least 94%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Common waterhemp was controlled at least 94% with all treatments, except for imazethapyr imazapyr postemergence (POST), which did not control common waterhemp.”
t0“Efficacy and Economic Return on Investment for Conventional and Herbicide-Resistant Corn (Zea mays)1”
Claim · model-written summary
Imazethapyr imazapyr did not control common waterhemp.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- imazethapyr imazapyr postemergence (POST)e0
- Interactor
- common waterhempe0weed
- Outcome
- common waterhempe0
- Direction
- did not controle0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Common waterhemp was controlled at least 94% with all treatments, except for imazethapyr imazapyr postemergence (POST), which did not control common waterhemp.”
t0“Efficacy and Economic Return on Investment for Conventional and Herbicide-Resistant Corn (Zea mays)1”
Claim · model-written summary
Most treatments controlled common cocklebur, giant ragweed, and ivyleaf morningglory by at least 92%.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- All treatmentse0
- Interactor
- common cocklebure0weed
- Outcome
- common cocklebur, giant ragweed, and ivyleaf morningglorye0
- Direction
- controllede0
- Value
- at least 92%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All treatments controlled at least 92% of common cocklebur, giant ragweed, and ivyleaf morningglory, with the exception of the total PRE herbicide system of S-metolachlor atrazine in 2000.”
t0“Efficacy and Economic Return on Investment for Conventional and Herbicide-Resistant Corn (Zea mays)1”
Claim · model-written summary
The glyphosate-resistant hybrid yielded less than other hybrids in 1999.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Material
- glyphosate-resistant hybride0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 7,290 to 9,180 kg/hae0
- Comparator
- all other hybridse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Average grain yield ranged from 7,290 to 9,180 kg/ha in 1999, with the yield of the glyphosate-resistant hybrid lower than that of all other hybrids.”
t0“Efficacy and Economic Return on Investment for Conventional and Herbicide-Resistant Corn (Zea mays)1”
Claim · model-written summary
The glyphosate-resistant hybrid yielded more than other hybrids in 2000.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Material
- glyphosate-resistant hybride0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 8,440 to 11,520 kg/hae0
- Comparator
- all other hybridse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 2000, average grain yield ranged from 8,440 to 11,520 kg/ha, with the grain yield of the glyphosate-resistant hybrid greater than that of all other hybrids.”
t0“Efficacy and Economic Return on Investment for Conventional and Herbicide-Resistant Corn (Zea mays)1”
Claim · model-written summary
Economic return did not differ across treatments, systems or hybrids in 1999.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Outcome
- economic returne0
- Direction
- no differencese0
Not reportedMaterialComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There were no differences in economic return in 1999 because of the treatment, the herbicide system, or the hybrid.”
t0“Efficacy and Economic Return on Investment for Conventional and Herbicide-Resistant Corn (Zea mays)1”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate-resistant corn had greater EROI than other hybrids in 2000.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Material
- glyphosate-resistant hybride0
- Outcome
- EROIe0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- other hybridse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 2000 EROI was greater with the glyphosate-resistant hybrid than with the other hybrids.”
t0“Efficacy and Economic Return on Investment for Conventional and Herbicide-Resistant Corn (Zea mays)1”
Claim · model-written summary
Corn hybrid grain yield influenced EROI more than weed control costs.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Outcome
- EROIe0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- associated weed control costse0
Not reportedMaterial
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“EROI was influenced more by the grain yield of the corn hybrid than by the associated weed control costs.”
t0“Efficacy and Economic Return on Investment for Conventional and Herbicide-Resistant Corn (Zea mays)1”
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