Abstract
Field studies were conducted to investigate the effects of different rates of herbicides on weed control, agronomic characteristics, and quality of sugar beet at Shiraz, Iran, in 2000 and 2001. Separate and combined applications of herbicides, including 14 combinations and different rates of grass and broadleaf herbicides, at two rates were used. Herbicides reduced weed biomass compared with the weedy check. In both years, maximum reduction in weed biomass was observed with desmedipham plus phenmedipham plus ethofumesate at 0.23 + 0.23 + 0.23 kg ai/ha and desmedipham plus phenmedipham plus propaquizafop at 0.46 + 0.46 + 0.1 kg ai/ha. Efficacy of grass herbicides was reduced when they were combined with pyrazon. Highest crop injury in both years was observed with desmedipham plus phenmedipham plus ethofumesate at 0.23 + 0.23 + 0.23 kg/ ha. Highest and lowest root yields in both years were produced in weed-free and weedy check plots, respectively. All herbicide treatments produced lower sugar beet yields than the hand-weeded check. Of the herbicide treatments evaluated, the highest sugar beet yields were with desmedipham plus phenmedipham plus propaquizafop at 0.46 + 0.46 + 0.1 kg/ha in 2001 and with desmedipham plus phenmedipham plus ethofumesate at 0.23 + 0.23 + 0.23 kg/ha in 2000. Sucrose content and other sugar beet brei characteristics were not affected by the herbicide treatments.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicides reduced weed biomass versus the weedy check.
- Taxon
- sugar beet
Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise7 - Treatment
- Herbicidese0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed biomasse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- weedy checke0
- Setting
- Shiraz, Irane7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sugar Beet”
e7“sugar beet at Shiraz, Iran, in 2000 and 2001.”
e0“Herbicides reduced weed biomass compared with the weedy check.”
Claim · model-written summary
Desmedipham plus phenmedipham plus ethofumesate gave maximum weed biomass reduction in both years.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise7
- Treatment
- desmedipham plus phenmedipham plus ethofumesate at 0.23 + 0.23 + 0.23 kg ai/hae0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed biomasse0
- Direction
- maximum reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sugar Beet”
e7“sugar beet at Shiraz, Iran, in 2000 and 2001.”
e0“In both years, maximum reduction in weed biomass was observed with desmedipham plus phenmedipham plus ethofumesate at 0.23 + 0.23 + 0.23 kg ai/ha and desmedipham plus phenmedipham plus propaquizafop at 0.46 + 0.46 + 0.1 kg ai/ha.”
Claim · model-written summary
Desmedipham plus phenmedipham plus propaquizafop gave maximum weed biomass reduction in both years.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise7
- Treatment
- desmedipham plus phenmedipham plus propaquizafop at 0.46 + 0.46 + 0.1 kg ai/hae0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed biomasse0
- Direction
- maximum reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sugar Beet”
e7“sugar beet at Shiraz, Iran, in 2000 and 2001.”
e0“In both years, maximum reduction in weed biomass was observed with desmedipham plus phenmedipham plus ethofumesate at 0.23 + 0.23 + 0.23 kg ai/ha and desmedipham plus phenmedipham plus propaquizafop at 0.46 + 0.46 + 0.1 kg ai/ha.”
Claim · model-written summary
Combining grass herbicides with pyrazon reduced grass herbicide efficacy.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise7
- Treatment
- combined with pyrazone0
- Outcome
- Efficacy of grass herbicidese0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sugar Beet”
e7“sugar beet at Shiraz, Iran, in 2000 and 2001.”
e0“Efficacy of grass herbicides was reduced when they were combined with pyrazon.”
Claim · model-written summary
Desmedipham plus phenmedipham plus ethofumesate caused the highest crop injury in both years.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise7
- Treatment
- desmedipham plus phenmedipham plus ethofumesate at 0.23 + 0.23 + 0.23 kg/ hae0
- Outcome
- crop injurye0
- Direction
- Higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sugar Beet”
e7“sugar beet at Shiraz, Iran, in 2000 and 2001.”
e0“Highest crop injury in both years was observed with desmedipham plus phenmedipham plus ethofumesate at 0.23 + 0.23 + 0.23 kg/ ha.”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed-free plots produced the highest root yield in both years.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise7
- Treatment
- weed-freee0
- Outcome
- root yieldse0
- Direction
- Higheste0
- Comparator
- weedy check plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sugar Beet”
e7“sugar beet at Shiraz, Iran, in 2000 and 2001.”
e0“Highest and lowest root yields in both years were produced in weed-free and weedy check plots, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Weedy check plots produced the lowest root yield in both years.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise7
- Outcome
- root yieldse0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Qualifier
- weedy check plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sugar Beet”
e7“sugar beet at Shiraz, Iran, in 2000 and 2001.”
e0“Highest and lowest root yields in both years were produced in weed-free and weedy check plots, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
All herbicide treatments yielded less than the hand-weeded check.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Treatment
- All herbicide treatmentse0
- Outcome
- sugar beet yieldse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- hand-weeded checke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sugar Beet”
e7“sugar beet at Shiraz, Iran, in 2000 and 2001.”
e0“All herbicide treatments produced lower sugar beet yields than the hand-weeded check.”
Claim · model-written summary
Desmedipham plus phenmedipham plus propaquizafop gave the highest herbicide-treatment yield in 2001.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Treatment
- desmedipham plus phenmedipham plus propaquizafop at 0.46 + 0.46 + 0.1 kg/hae0
- Outcome
- sugar beet yieldse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- in 2001e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sugar Beet”
e7“sugar beet at Shiraz, Iran, in 2000 and 2001.”
e0“the highest sugar beet yields were with desmedipham plus phenmedipham plus propaquizafop at 0.46 + 0.46 + 0.1 kg/ha in 2001”
Claim · model-written summary
Desmedipham plus phenmedipham plus ethofumesate gave the highest herbicide-treatment yield in 2000.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Treatment
- desmedipham plus phenmedipham plus ethofumesate at 0.23 + 0.23 + 0.23 kg/hae0
- Outcome
- sugar beet yieldse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- in 2000e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sugar Beet”
e7“sugar beet at Shiraz, Iran, in 2000 and 2001.”
e0“the highest sugar beet yields were with desmedipham plus phenmedipham plus propaquizafop at 0.46 + 0.46 + 0.1 kg/ha in 2001 and with desmedipham plus phenmedipham plus ethofumesate at 0.23 + 0.23 + 0.23 kg/ha in 2000.”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide treatments did not affect sucrose content or other brei characteristics.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0
- Treatment
- herbicide treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Sucrose content and other sugar beet brei characteristicse0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Sugar Beet”
e7“sugar beet at Shiraz, Iran, in 2000 and 2001.”
e0“Sucrose content and other sugar beet brei characteristics were not affected by the herbicide treatments.”
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8 of 14 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.