Abstract
Zinc (Zn) deficiency is prevalent particularly on calcareous soils of arid and semiarid region. A field experiment was conducted to investigate the direct, residual and cumulative effect of zinc on the yield of wheat and rice in permanent layout for two consecutive years, 2004-05 and 2005-06 at Arid Zone Research Institute D.I. Khan. Soil under study was deficient in Zn (0.8 mg kg -1 ). Effect of Zn on yield, Zn concentrations in leaf and soils were assessed using wheat variety Naseer-2000 and rice variety IRRI-6. Three rates of Zn, ranging from 0 to 10 kg ha -1 in soil, were applied as zinc sulphate (ZnSO4. 7H2O) along with basal dose fertilization of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Mature leaf and soil samples were collected at panicle initiation stage. The results showed that grain yield of wheat and rice was significantly increased by the direct application of 5 and 10 kg Zn ha -1 . Highest grain yield of wheat (5467 kg ha -1 ) was recorded with the direct application of 10 kg Zn ha -1 while 4994 kg ha -1 was recorded with the cumulative application of 10 kg Zn ha -1 but the yield increase due to residual effect of Zn was statistically lower than the cumulative effect of Zn. Maximum paddy yield was recorded with the cumulative application of Zn followed by residual and direct applied 10 and 5 kg Zn kg ha -1 , respectively. Zn concentration in soils ranged from 0.3 to 1.5 mg kg -1 in wheat and 0.24 to 2.40 mg kg -1 in rice, while in leaves it ranged from 18-48 mg kg -1 in wheat and 15-52 mg kg -1 in rice. The concentration of Zn in soil and leaves increased due to the treatments in the order; cumulative > residual > direct effect > control (without Zn). The yield attributes like 1000grain weight, number of spikes, spike length and plant height were increased by the residual, direct and cumulative effect of Zn levels; however, the magnitude of increase was higher in cumulative effect than residual and direct effect of Zn, respectively. Under Zn-deficient soil conditions, yield of wheat can be increased by direct application of Zn, while yield of rice can be maximized by the cumulative use of zinc fertilization.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Direct application of 5 and 10 kg Zn ha -1 significantly increased wheat grain yield.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- direct application of 5 and 10 kg Zn ha -1e0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grain yield of wheat and rice was significantly increased by the direct application of 5 and 10 kg Zn ha -1”
Claim · model-written summary
Direct application of 5 and 10 kg Zn ha -1 significantly increased rice grain yield.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- direct application of 5 and 10 kg Zn ha -1e0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grain yield of wheat and rice was significantly increased by the direct application of 5 and 10 kg Zn ha -1”
Claim · model-written summary
Direct application of 10 kg Zn ha -1 gave the highest wheat grain yield of 5467 kg ha -1.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- direct application of 10 kg Zn ha -1e0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- Higheste0
- Value
- 5467 kg ha -1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Highest grain yield of wheat (5467 kg ha -1 ) was recorded with the direct application of 10 kg Zn ha -1”
Claim · model-written summary
Cumulative application of 10 kg Zn ha -1 produced wheat grain yield of 4994 kg ha -1.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- cumulative application of 10 kg Zn ha -1e0
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Value
- 4994 kg ha -1e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“4994 kg ha -1 was recorded with the cumulative application of 10 kg Zn ha -1”
e1“Highest grain yield of wheat”
t0“wheat and rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The residual zinc effect on wheat yield was statistically lower than the cumulative effect.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- residual effect of Zne0
- Outcome
- yield increasee0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- cumulative effect of Zne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“yield increase due to residual effect of Zn was statistically lower than the cumulative effect of Zn”
t0“wheat and rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Cumulative zinc application gave maximum rice paddy yield, followed by residual and direct application.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- cumulative application of Zne0
- Outcome
- paddy yielde0
- Direction
- Maximume0
- Comparator
- residual and direct applied 10 and 5 kg Zn kg ha -1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum paddy yield was recorded with the cumulative application of Zn followed by residual and direct applied 10 and 5 kg Zn kg ha -1”
t0“wheat and rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil zinc concentration under wheat ranged from 0.3 to 1.5 mg kg -1.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- Zn concentration in soilse0
- Value
- 0.3 to 1.5 mg kg -1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zn concentration in soils ranged from 0.3 to 1.5 mg kg -1 in wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil zinc concentration under rice ranged from 0.24 to 2.40 mg kg -1.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- Zn concentration in soilse0
- Value
- 0.24 to 2.40 mg kg -1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zn concentration in soils ranged from 0.3 to 1.5 mg kg -1 in wheat and 0.24 to 2.40 mg kg -1 in rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf zinc concentration in wheat ranged from 18-48 mg kg -1.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- leavese0
- Value
- 18-48 mg kg -1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in leaves it ranged from 18-48 mg kg -1 in wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf zinc concentration in rice ranged from 15-52 mg kg -1.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- leavese0
- Value
- 15-52 mg kg -1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in leaves it ranged from 18-48 mg kg -1 in wheat and 15-52 mg kg -1 in rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc concentrations in soil increased in the order cumulative, residual, direct and control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- cumulative > residual > direct effecte0
- Outcome
- concentration of Zn in soile0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- control (without Zn)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The concentration of Zn in soil and leaves increased due to the treatments in the order; cumulative > residual > direct effect > control (without Zn)”
t0“wheat and rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc concentrations in leaves increased in the order cumulative, residual, direct and control.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- cumulative > residual > direct effecte0
- Outcome
- leavese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- control (without Zn)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The concentration of Zn in soil and leaves increased due to the treatments in the order; cumulative > residual > direct effect > control (without Zn)”
t0“wheat and rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Residual, direct and cumulative zinc increased thousand grain weight, spike number and spike length.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- residual, direct and cumulative effect of Zn levelse0
- Outcome
- 1000grain weight, number of spikes, spike lengthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“1000grain weight, number of spikes, spike length and plant height were increased by the residual, direct and cumulative effect of Zn levels”
t0“wheat and rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Residual, direct and cumulative zinc increased plant height.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- residual, direct and cumulative effect of Zn levelse0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“1000grain weight, number of spikes, spike length and plant height were increased by the residual, direct and cumulative effect of Zn levels”
t0“wheat and rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Cumulative zinc had a larger effect on yield attributes than residual and direct zinc.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- cumulative effecte0
- Outcome
- magnitude of increasee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- residual and direct effect of Zne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“magnitude of increase was higher in cumulative effect than residual and direct effect of Zn”
t0“wheat and rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend direct zinc application to increase wheat yield under zinc deficient soil conditions.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- yield of wheat can be increased by direct application of Zne0
- Setting
- Zn-deficient soil conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under Zn-deficient soil conditions, yield of wheat can be increased by direct application of Zn”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend cumulative zinc fertilization to maximize rice yield.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- yield of rice can be maximized by the cumulative use of zinc fertilizatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“yield of rice can be maximized by the cumulative use of zinc fertilization”
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See all 511 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.