Abstract
Abstract Zinc (Zn) is an important micronutrient for rice ( Oryza sativa L.) production and its deficiency has been observed in various production systems. High grain Zn concentration is equally important for high rice yield and human health. In this work, the effects of Zn fertilization on seedling growth, grain yield, grain Zn concentration, and their association with root traits were studied under alternate wetting and drying (AWD), aerobic rice (AR), system of rice intensification (SRI), and continuous flooding (CF). Zinc fertilization (15 kg ha −1 ) improved nursery seedlings chlorophyll and Zn concentrations, root length, and number of roots with highest values observed in CF. At harvesting, maximum plant height, panicle length, total and panicle bearing tillers, and kernel yield were found with Zn addition in AWD and CF rice systems. Mid season drainage provided at maximum tillering and Zn fertilization increased its concentration in leaves, culms, panicles, and grains under CF and AR at physiological maturity. Most of Zn applied was allocated into culms and panicles, nevertheless, a significant increase in grain Zn concentration was also observed in all production systems. Association of leaf Zn with grain Zn concentration was stronger than with culm and panicle Zn. The results indicate that Zn application after rice nursery transplanting is more important for grain Zn enrichment in all rice systems than for increase in grain yield in all systems except AWD where grain yield was also increased. More grain yield in CF and AWD as compared to SRI and AR can also be attributed to decreased spikelet sterility and to better Zn phyto‐availability in these rice systems at physiological maturity.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc fertilization improved chlorophyll and Zn concentrations of nursery seedlings.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Organ / stage
- nursery seedlingse1
- Treatment
- Zinc fertilization (15 kg ha −1 )e1
- Outcome
- chlorophyll and Zn concentrationse1
- Direction
- improvede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zinc (Zn) is an important micronutrient for rice ( Oryza sativa L.) production”
e1“Zinc fertilization (15 kg ha −1 ) improved nursery seedlings chlorophyll and Zn concentrations, root length, and number of roots with highest values observed in CF”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc fertilization improved root length and number of roots of nursery seedlings, highest in CF.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- nursery seedlingse1
- Treatment
- Zinc fertilization (15 kg ha −1 )e1
- Outcome
- root length, and number of rootse1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Setting
- CFe1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zinc (Zn) is an important micronutrient for rice ( Oryza sativa L.) production”
e1“Zinc fertilization (15 kg ha −1 ) improved nursery seedlings chlorophyll and Zn concentrations, root length, and number of roots with highest values observed in CF”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn addition gave maximum plant height and panicle length in AWD and CF rice systems.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Treatment
- Zn additione2
- Outcome
- plant height, panicle lengthe2
- Direction
- maximume2
- Setting
- AWD and CF rice systemse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“At harvesting, maximum plant height, panicle length, total and panicle bearing tillers, and kernel yield were found with Zn addition in AWD and CF rice systems”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn addition gave maximum total and panicle bearing tillers in AWD and CF rice systems.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Treatment
- Zn additione2
- Outcome
- total and panicle bearing tillerse2
- Direction
- maximume2
- Setting
- AWD and CF rice systemse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“At harvesting, maximum plant height, panicle length, total and panicle bearing tillers, and kernel yield were found with Zn addition in AWD and CF rice systems”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn addition gave maximum kernel yield in AWD and CF rice systems.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Treatment
- Zn additione2
- Outcome
- kernel yielde2
- Direction
- maximume2
- Setting
- AWD and CF rice systemse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“At harvesting, maximum plant height, panicle length, total and panicle bearing tillers, and kernel yield were found with Zn addition in AWD and CF rice systems”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn fertilization increased Zn concentration in leaves, culms and panicles under CF and AR at maturity.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- leaves, culms, paniclese3
- Treatment
- Zn fertilizatione3
- Outcome
- concentration in leaves, culms, paniclese3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Setting
- CF and ARe3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zinc (Zn) is an important micronutrient for rice ( Oryza sativa L.) production”
e3“Mid season drainage provided at maximum tillering and Zn fertilization increased its concentration in leaves, culms, panicles, and grains under CF and AR at physiological maturity”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn fertilization increased Zn concentration in grains under CF and AR at maturity.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- grainse3
- Treatment
- Zn fertilizatione3
- Outcome
- concentratione3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Setting
- CF and ARe3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zinc (Zn) is an important micronutrient for rice ( Oryza sativa L.) production”
e3“Mid season drainage provided at maximum tillering and Zn fertilization increased its concentration in leaves, culms, panicles, and grains under CF and AR at physiological maturity”
Claim · model-written summary
Most of the applied Zn was allocated into culms and panicles of rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- culms and paniclese4
- Outcome
- allocated into culms and paniclese4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zinc (Zn) is an important micronutrient for rice ( Oryza sativa L.) production”
e4“Most of Zn applied was allocated into culms and panicles, nevertheless, a significant increase in grain Zn concentration was also observed in all production systems”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn application significantly increased grain Zn concentration in all production systems.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Zn appliede4
- Outcome
- grain Zn concentratione4
- Direction
- increasee4
- Setting
- all production systemse4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zinc (Zn) is an important micronutrient for rice ( Oryza sativa L.) production”
e4“Most of Zn applied was allocated into culms and panicles, nevertheless, a significant increase in grain Zn concentration was also observed in all production systems”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf Zn was more strongly associated with grain Zn concentration than culm and panicle Zn in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- association of leaf Zn with grain Zn concentratione5
- Direction
- strongere5
- Comparator
- culm and panicle Zne5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zinc (Zn) is an important micronutrient for rice ( Oryza sativa L.) production”
e5“Association of leaf Zn with grain Zn concentration was stronger than with culm and panicle Zn”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn application after nursery transplanting is more important for grain Zn enrichment than for grain yield increase in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Zn application after rice nursery transplantinge6
- Outcome
- grain Zn enrichmente6
- Direction
- more importante6
- Comparator
- increase in grain yielde6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zinc (Zn) is an important micronutrient for rice ( Oryza sativa L.) production”
e6“The results indicate that Zn application after rice nursery transplanting is more important for grain Zn enrichment in all rice systems than for increase in grain yield in all systems except AWD where grain yield was also increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn application after nursery transplanting increased grain yield in AWD.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Zn application after rice nursery transplantinge6
- Outcome
- grain yielde6
- Direction
- also increasede6
- Setting
- AWDe6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Zinc (Zn) is an important micronutrient for rice ( Oryza sativa L.) production”
e6“The results indicate that Zn application after rice nursery transplanting is more important for grain Zn enrichment in all rice systems than for increase in grain yield in all systems except AWD where grain yield was also increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice grain yield was higher under CF and AWD than under SRI and AR.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“More grain yield in CF and AWD as compared to SRI and AR can also be attributed to decreased spikelet sterility and to better Zn phyto‐availability in these rice systems at physiological maturity”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher grain yield under CF and AWD is attributed to decreased spikelet sterility and better Zn phyto-availability.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae7
- Outcome
- grain yielde7
- Qualifier
- decreased spikelet sterilitye7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“More grain yield in CF and AWD as compared to SRI and AR can also be attributed to decreased spikelet sterility and to better Zn phyto‐availability in these rice systems at physiological maturity”
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See all 219 papers →8 of 11 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.