Abstract
In hydroponic cultures, the effects of nitrogen form and pH of nutrient solution on the chemical composition of plants are important. In order to study their effects on the uptake and concentrations of K, Ca, Mg and Na in root and shoot of spinach plant, a factorial experiment was conducted with two factors including nutrient solution pH at three levels (4.5, 6.5 and 8) and nitrate to ammonium ratio in nutrient solution at five levels (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 0:100). The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with four replications in perlite culture under greenhouse conditions. Three seedlings of spinach plant (Spinacia oleracea L. Sirius cultivar) were cultivated per pot and with 15 different nutrient solutions were nourished. The concentrations of nitrogen and other nutrients in all nutrient solutions were identical. The plants were harvested after seven weeks and spinach root and shoot concentrations of K, Ca, Mg and Na were measured by wet digestion method. Results showed that the effects of nutrient solution pH on the root and shoot concentrations of K, root concentration of Ca, Ca uptake, shoot concentration of Mg were significant, but on the root and shoot concentrations of Na, Na uptake, root concentration of Mg, and Mg uptake were not. By increasing the nutrient solution pH from 4.5 to 8, K and Ca uptake by plant, and root concentration of K significantly decreased, while shoot concentrations of K and Mg, and root concentration of Ca significantly increased. The main effect of nitrate to ammonium ratio in nutrient solution, and the interactive effects of pH and the ratio of nitrate to ammonium on the root and shoot concentrations of K, Ca, Mg and Na, and their uptake by plant beca,e significant. In general, by decreasing the nitrate to ammonium ratio in nutrient solution, the root and shoot concentrations of K, Ca, Mg and Na, and their uptake by spinach plant became significantly decreased. Also, the effect of nitrate to ammonium ratio of nutrient solution on the root and shoot concentrations of K, Ca, Mg and Na, and their uptake by spinach plant was dependent on the nutrient solution pH and vice versa. The average shoot concentrations of K, Ca, Mg and Na were higher than those in root. There were significant correlations between the shoot and root concentrations of these elements, and also between the elements concentrations in the shoot and their uptake by spinach plant.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Nutrient solution pH significantly affected root and shoot K concentrations, root Ca concentration, Ca uptake and shoot Mg concentration.
- Taxon
- spinach plant
Spinacia oleraceat0 - Treatment
- nutrient solution pHe0
- Outcome
- root and shoot concentrations of K, root concentration of Ca, Ca uptake, shoot concentration of Mge0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results showed that the effects of nutrient solution pH on the root and shoot concentrations of K, root concentration of Ca, Ca uptake, shoot concentration of Mg were significant”
t0“Spinach Plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Nutrient solution pH had nonsignificant effects on Na concentrations and uptake and root Mg concentration and uptake.
- Taxon
- spinach plantSpinacia oleraceat0
- Treatment
- nutrient solution pHe0
- Outcome
- root and shoot concentrations of Na, Na uptake, root concentration of Mg, and Mg uptakee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results showed that the effects of nutrient solution pH on the root and shoot concentrations of K, root concentration of Ca, Ca uptake, shoot concentration of Mg were significant, but on the root and shoot concentrations of Na, Na uptake, root concentration of Mg, and Mg uptake were not.”
t0“Spinach Plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Raising solution pH from 4.5 to 8 significantly decreased spinach K and Ca uptake.
- Taxon
- spinach plantSpinacia oleraceat0
- Treatment
- increasing the nutrient solution pH from 4.5 to 8e0
- Outcome
- K and Ca uptake by plante0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- 4.5e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“By increasing the nutrient solution pH from 4.5 to 8, K and Ca uptake by plant, and root concentration of K significantly decreased”
t0“Spinach Plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Raising solution pH significantly decreased spinach root K concentration.
- Taxon
- spinach plantSpinacia oleraceat0
- Treatment
- increasing the nutrient solution pH from 4.5 to 8e0
- Outcome
- root concentration of Ke0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- 4.5e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“By increasing the nutrient solution pH from 4.5 to 8, K and Ca uptake by plant, and root concentration of K significantly decreased”
t0“Spinach Plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Raising solution pH significantly increased shoot K and Mg concentrations and root Ca concentration.
- Taxon
- spinach plantSpinacia oleraceat0
- Treatment
- nutrient solution pHe0
- Outcome
- shoot concentrations of K and Mg, and root concentration of Cae0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- 4.5e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“By increasing the nutrient solution pH from 4.5 to 8, K and Ca uptake by plant, and root concentration of K significantly decreased, while shoot concentrations of K and Mg, and root concentration of Ca significantly increased.”
t0“Spinach Plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrate to ammonium ratio and its interaction with pH significantly affected root and shoot K, Ca, Mg and Na concentrations and uptake.
- Taxon
- spinach plantSpinacia oleraceat0
- Treatment
- nitrate to ammonium ratio in nutrient solutione0
- Outcome
- root and shoot concentrations of K, Ca, Mg and Na, and their uptake by plante0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The main effect of nitrate to ammonium ratio in nutrient solution, and the interactive effects of pH and the ratio of nitrate to ammonium on the root and shoot concentrations of K, Ca, Mg and Na, and their uptake by plant beca,e significant.”
t0“Spinach Plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Decreasing the nitrate to ammonium ratio significantly decreased spinach root and shoot K, Ca, Mg and Na concentrations and uptake.
- Taxon
- spinach plantSpinacia oleraceae0
- Treatment
- decreasing the nitrate to ammonium ratio in nutrient solutione0
- Outcome
- root and shoot concentrations of K, Ca, Mg and Na, and their uptake by spinach plante0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“by decreasing the nitrate to ammonium ratio in nutrient solution, the root and shoot concentrations of K, Ca, Mg and Na, and their uptake by spinach plant became significantly decreased.”
Claim · model-written summary
The effect of nitrogen ratio on spinach mineral concentrations and uptake depended on solution pH and vice versa.
- Taxon
- spinach plantSpinacia oleraceae0
- Treatment
- nitrate to ammonium ratio of nutrient solutione0
- Outcome
- root and shoot concentrations of K, Ca, Mg and Na, and their uptake by spinach plante0
- Qualifier
- dependent on the nutrient solution pHe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the effect of nitrate to ammonium ratio of nutrient solution on the root and shoot concentrations of K, Ca, Mg and Na, and their uptake by spinach plant was dependent on the nutrient solution pH and vice versa.”
Claim · model-written summary
Average shoot concentrations of K, Ca, Mg and Na exceeded root concentrations.
- Taxon
- spinach plantSpinacia oleraceat0
- Organ / stage
- shoote0
- Outcome
- concentrations of K, Ca, Mg and Nae0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- roote0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The average shoot concentrations of K, Ca, Mg and Na were higher than those in root.”
t0“Spinach Plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot and root element concentrations were significantly correlated.
- Taxon
- spinach plantSpinacia oleraceat0
- Organ / stage
- shoote0
- Outcome
- correlations between the shoot and root concentrations of these elementse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There were significant correlations between the shoot and root concentrations of these elements”
t0“Spinach Plant”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot element concentrations and plant uptake were significantly correlated.
- Taxon
- spinach plantSpinacia oleraceae0
- Organ / stage
- shoote0
- Outcome
- elements concentrations in the shoot and their uptake by spinach plante0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“and also between the elements concentrations in the shoot and their uptake by spinach plant.”
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