Abstract
ABSTRACT A field experiment was conducted at the Experimental Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, South Valley University at Qena on sandy soil to study the effect of integrated nutrient management (INM) on productivity and grain protein content of wheat. Seven different treatments with three replications each were carried out in the plot in RCB design. The recommended NPK, FYM and biofertilizer (Azotobacter chroococcum) were applied alone and in various combinations among them. The study revealed that the integration of organic manures in combination with biofertilizer and chemical fertilizers was found significant in improving the overall yield attributes, grain yield, straw yield and grain protein content than the sole application of either of these nutrients. Maximum grain yield (2356 kg ha-1) and straw yield (3614 kg ha-1) were observed with treatment T6 (half of the recommended NPK + 10 tons FYM + biofertilizer). Like grain and straw yields, the highest grain protein content (11.95%) observed from T6. Key words: biofertilizers, Azotobacter, FYM, grain yield, grain protein content. REFERENCES AOAC. 1995. Official Methods of Analysis. 12th ed. Association of Official Analysis Chemists, Washington, DC. U.S.A. Arora, S. 2008. Balanced nutrition for sustainable crop production. Krishi World: 1-5. Askar, F.A., Morel, S. and El-Zaher, H. 1994. Sewage sludge as natural conditioner for newly reclaimed soils. 1-Effect on soil moisture retention characteristics and size distribution. Egypt J. Soil Sci. 34 (1): 67-77. Atia, N.A. and Aly, R.M. 1998. Effect of different levels of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers with the application of rabbit manure on yield potentiality of wheat in sandy soils. Zagazig J. Aric. Res. 25 (4): 595-617. Badr, A., Elham, O.M. and El-Kramany, I.M.F. 2009. Interaction effect of biological and organic fertilizers on yield and yield components of two wheat cultivars. Egyptian Journal of Agronomy 31, 17-27. Bahrani, A.J. and Pourreza Hagh Joo, M. 2010. Response of Winter Wheat to Co-Inoculation with Azotobacter and Arbescular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) under Different Sources of Nitrogen Fertilizer. American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural & Environmental Science 8, 95-103 Choudhury, A.T.M.A. and Kennedy, I.R. 2005. Nitrogen fertiliser losses from rice soils and control of environmental pollution problems. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 36, 1625–1639. De Datta, S.K. and Buresh, R.J. 1989. Integrated nitrogen management in irrigated rice. Advances in Soil Science 10, 143–169. El-Bagoury, Olfat H., Hegazi, A.M., Mostafa, M.T. and El-Afandy, K.h.T. 1998. Influence of organic manure and nitrogen fertilizer on chemical composition and technological characters of wheat under irrigation with saline water. Proc. 8th Conf. Agron., Fac. Agric., Suez Canal Univ.1:62-72, Egypt. El-Garhi., A.S., Atia, N.A. and Sara E.E.F. 2007. Effect of inoculating N-fixing bacteria (Cerealine) on wheat (Triticum aestivum, L.) growth and nutrient content. Zagazig J. Agric. Res. 34(2): 249-273. Elsayed, M.Z., Abd El-Sattar, A.E., Basha, H.A. and Abd El-Hammeed, I.M. 2005. Improvement of wheat productivity in newly reclaimed soil in Egypt. Annals UMCS, Sec. E.60:113-121. Fayez, M., Emam, N.F. and Makboul, H.E. 1985. The possible use of nitrogen fixing Azospirilum as biofertilizer for wheat plants. Egyptian Journal of Microbiology 20, 199-206. Hegab, S.A.M. and Abou El-Wafa, A.M. 2005. Relative efficiency of some nitrogen sources for maize and wheat crops. Egypt J. Appl. Sci. 20 (5a):109-127. Jaga, P.K. and Singh, V. 2010. Effect of biofertilizer, nitrogen and sulphur on sorghum-mustard cropping system. Proceedings of National Seminar on Soil Security for Sustainable Agriculture held at College of Ariculture, Nagypur (M.S. on February 27-28, 2010). Jen-Hshuan, C. 2006. The combined use of chemical and organic fertilizers and/or biofertilizer for crop growth and soil fertility. Int. Workshop on Management of the Soil -Rhizosphere System for Efficient Crop Production and Fertilizer Use, Land Development Department, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. Kannaiyan, S. 2002. Biotechnology of Biofertilizers. Alpha Sci. Inter. Ltd Box 4067 Pangbourne AGB But., M.K. pp:1-27. Kiani M.J., Abbasi, M.K. and Rahim, N. 2005. Use of organic manure with mineral N fertilizer increases wheat yield at Rawalakot Azad Jammu and Kashmir. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science 51(3):299-309. Kler, F., Sharma, C.R. and Sharma, J. 2007. Effect of rock phosphate enriched FYM on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-rice (Oryza sativa L.) cropping sequence in acid alfisol. Himachal Nawab, K., Amanullah, M. and Ali, A. 2006. Response of wheat to farm yard manure, potassium and zinc under rainfad cropping patterns. Middle-East J. Sci. Res. 1(1): 1-9. Ozturk, A., Caglar, O. and Sahin, F. 2003. Yield response of wheat and barley to inoculation of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria at various levels of nitrogen fertilization. J. plant Nutrition and soil Sci. 166 (2): 262-266. Radwan, S.M.A. and Hussein, H.F. 1996. Effect of bio. and organic fertilization on wheat yield under different weed control treatments. Egyptian J. Appl. Sci. 11:267-281. Ram M., Davari, M. R. and Sharma, S.N. 2014. Direct, residual and cumulative effects of organic manures and biofertilizers on yields, NPK uptake, grain quality and economics of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under organic farming of rice-wheat cropping system. Journal of Agriculture Research, 25(1/2): 13-18. Shabayek, A.A. 1997. Sources of mineralizable soil nitrogen as affected by different organic amendments in sandy soils. Zagazig J. Agric. Res. 24 (1):149-168 Sharief, A.E., El-Kalla, S.E., Leilah, A.A. and Mostafa, H.E.M. 1998. Response of wheat cultivars to nitrogen fertilizer levels and biological fertilization. J.Agric.Sci. 23(12):5807-5816. Mansoura Univ., Egypt. Subba-Rao, N.S. 1984. Biofertilizers In Agriculture. Oxford, IBH Company. New Delhi, India. pp.10-20. Yakout, G.M., Greish, M.H. and Ata-Alla, R.A. 1998. Response of wheat crop to seeding rates, nitrogen fertilizer and organic manure under new reclaimed soil conditions.Proc. 8th Conf. Agron. Dept., Fac. Agric., Suez Canal Univ.1:111-116, Egypt.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated manures, biofertilizer and chemical fertilizers significantly improved wheat yield attributes over sole nutrient applications.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- integration of organic manures in combination with biofertilizer and chemical fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- overall yield attributese0
- Direction
- improvinge0
- Comparator
- sole application of either of these nutrientse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
e0“the integration of organic manures in combination with biofertilizer and chemical fertilizers was found significant in improving the overall yield attributes, grain yield, straw yield and grain protein content than the sole application of either of these nutrients.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated nutrient management significantly improved wheat grain yield over sole applications.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- integration of organic manures in combination with biofertilizer and chemical fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- improvinge0
- Comparator
- sole application of either of these nutrientse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
e0“the integration of organic manures in combination with biofertilizer and chemical fertilizers was found significant in improving the overall yield attributes, grain yield, straw yield and grain protein content than the sole application of either of these nutrients.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated nutrient management significantly improved wheat straw yield over sole applications.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- integration of organic manures in combination with biofertilizer and chemical fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- straw yielde0
- Direction
- improvinge0
- Comparator
- sole application of either of these nutrientse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
e0“the integration of organic manures in combination with biofertilizer and chemical fertilizers was found significant in improving the overall yield attributes, grain yield, straw yield and grain protein content than the sole application of either of these nutrients.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated nutrient management significantly improved wheat grain protein content over sole applications.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- integration of organic manures in combination with biofertilizer and chemical fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- grain protein contente0
- Direction
- improvinge0
- Comparator
- sole application of either of these nutrientse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
e0“the integration of organic manures in combination with biofertilizer and chemical fertilizers was found significant in improving the overall yield attributes, grain yield, straw yield and grain protein content than the sole application of either of these nutrients.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
T6 produced maximum wheat grain yield of 2356 kg ha-1.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- half of the recommended NPK + 10 tons FYM + biofertilizere0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- Maximume0
- Value
- 2356 kg ha-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
e0“Maximum grain yield (2356 kg ha-1) and straw yield (3614 kg ha-1) were observed with treatment T6 (half of the recommended NPK + 10 tons FYM + biofertilizer).”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
T6 produced maximum wheat straw yield of 3614 kg ha-1.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- half of the recommended NPK + 10 tons FYM + biofertilizere0
- Outcome
- straw yielde0
- Direction
- Maximume0
- Value
- 3614 kg ha-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
e0“Maximum grain yield (2356 kg ha-1) and straw yield (3614 kg ha-1) were observed with treatment T6 (half of the recommended NPK + 10 tons FYM + biofertilizer).”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
T6 produced highest wheat grain protein content of 11.95%.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- half of the recommended NPK + 10 tons FYM + biofertilizere1
- Outcome
- grain protein contente0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 11.95%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
e0“the highest grain protein content (11.95%) observed from T6.”
e1“treatment T6 (half of the recommended NPK + 10 tons FYM + biofertilizer)”
t0“wheat”
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