Abstract
In order to evaluate the effects of inoculants and chemical fertilizer on quantitative and qualitative yield, a bread wheat cultivar treated with Azotobacter, arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) and nitrogen sources by using split plot on the basis of randomized complete block design with three replications in Fars Agricultural Research Station during 2007-2008. Main plots consisted of nitrogen fertilizer sources, which were ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, urea and SCU (Sulfur Coated Urea). Sub plots consisted of four treatments i.e. control, inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF), Azotobacter chroococcum and dual inoculation of AMF + Azotobacter chroococcum (AMF + Azc). Results showed that the highest plant height was related to SCU fertilizer, resulting to lodging in some plots. The most spike per square meter was obtained by ammonium nitrate and urea fertilizers. Single application of Azotobacter and Mycorrhiza inoculation and in combination to each other increased significantly spike per square meter compared to without inoculation treatment. Ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate fertilizers produced more grain per spike than urea and SCU fertilizers. Also, interaction effects of biofertilizers and N sources were significant at 5% probability level in this trait. The highest value of kernel weight was obtained with urea and ammonium nitrate fertilizers and the lowest value was belonged to SCU fertilizer. Maximum kernel weight was found in Azotobacter and Azotobacter+Micorrhiyza and minimum in control and Micorrhiyza treatments. Ammonium nitrate and Azotobacter + Micorrhiyza treatments gave significantly higher grain yield than the other N sources and biofertilizers. Biologic yield and harvest index were only affected by N sources treatments. As, ammonium nitrate and urea fertilizer treatments were higher than two other N sources. Grain protein percent increased up to 19 % in ammonium nitrate than urea and SCU fertilizers. Azotobacter + Micorrhiyza treatment increased grain protein by 13 % than control. In general, results from the present study indicated that grain yield and yield components of wheat have been affected significantly by the inoculation with Azotobacter and Mycorrhiza. Also, ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate resulted in increasing grain yield and nitrogen fertilizer efficiency compared with urea and SCU.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
SCU fertilizer gave the highest plant height of wheat, resulting in lodging in some plots.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- SCU fertilizere1
- Outcome
- plant heighte1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Qualifier
- resulting to lodging in some plotse1
- Setting
- Fars Agricultural Research Statione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a bread wheat cultivar treated with Azotobacter, arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) and nitrogen sources by using split plot on the basis of randomized complete block design with three replications in Fars Agricultural Research Station during 2007-2008”
e1“the highest plant height was related to SCU fertilizer, resulting to lodging in some plots”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium nitrate and urea fertilizers gave the most spikes per square meter of wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- ammonium nitrate and urea fertilizerse2
- Outcome
- spike per square metere2
- Direction
- moste2
- Setting
- Fars Agricultural Research Statione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a bread wheat cultivar treated with Azotobacter, arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) and nitrogen sources by using split plot on the basis of randomized complete block design with three replications in Fars Agricultural Research Station during 2007-2008”
e2“The most spike per square meter was obtained by ammonium nitrate and urea fertilizers”
Claim · model-written summary
Single or combined Azotobacter and mycorrhiza inoculation significantly increased spikes per square meter of wheat compared with no inoculation.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Azotobacter and Mycorrhiza inoculatione3
- Interactor
- Azotobacter
Azotobactere3symbiont - Second interactor
- Mycorrhizae3symbiont
- Outcome
- spike per square metere3
- Direction
- increased significantlye3
- Comparator
- without inoculation treatmente3
- Setting
- Fars Agricultural Research Statione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a bread wheat cultivar treated with Azotobacter, arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) and nitrogen sources by using split plot on the basis of randomized complete block design with three replications in Fars Agricultural Research Station during 2007-2008”
e3“Single application of Azotobacter and Mycorrhiza inoculation and in combination to each other increased significantly spike per square meter compared to without inoculation treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate produced more grain per spike than urea and SCU fertilizers.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate fertilizerse4
- Outcome
- grain per spikee4
- Direction
- moree4
- Comparator
- urea and SCU fertilizerse4
- Setting
- Fars Agricultural Research Statione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a bread wheat cultivar treated with Azotobacter, arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) and nitrogen sources by using split plot on the basis of randomized complete block design with three replications in Fars Agricultural Research Station during 2007-2008”
e4“Ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate fertilizers produced more grain per spike than urea and SCU fertilizers”
Claim · model-written summary
The interaction of biofertilizers and N sources was significant for grain per spike of wheat at the 5% level.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- biofertilizers and N sourcese5
- Outcome
- interaction effects of biofertilizers and N sourcese5
- Setting
- Fars Agricultural Research Statione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a bread wheat cultivar treated with Azotobacter, arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) and nitrogen sources by using split plot on the basis of randomized complete block design with three replications in Fars Agricultural Research Station during 2007-2008”
e5“interaction effects of biofertilizers and N sources were significant at 5% probability level in this trait”
Claim · model-written summary
Urea and ammonium nitrate fertilizers gave the highest kernel weight of wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- urea and ammonium nitrate fertilizerse6
- Outcome
- kernel weighte6
- Direction
- higheste6
- Setting
- Fars Agricultural Research Statione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a bread wheat cultivar treated with Azotobacter, arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) and nitrogen sources by using split plot on the basis of randomized complete block design with three replications in Fars Agricultural Research Station during 2007-2008”
e6“The highest value of kernel weight was obtained with urea and ammonium nitrate fertilizers”
Claim · model-written summary
SCU fertilizer gave the lowest kernel weight of wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- SCU fertilizere7
- Outcome
- kernel weighte6
- Direction
- loweste7
- Setting
- Fars Agricultural Research Statione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a bread wheat cultivar treated with Azotobacter, arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) and nitrogen sources by using split plot on the basis of randomized complete block design with three replications in Fars Agricultural Research Station during 2007-2008”
e6“The highest value of kernel weight was obtained with urea and ammonium nitrate fertilizers”
e7“the lowest value was belonged to SCU fertilizer”
Claim · model-written summary
Azotobacter and Azotobacter plus mycorrhiza gave the maximum kernel weight of wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Azotobacter and Azotobacter+Micorrhiyzae1
- Outcome
- kernel weighte1
- Direction
- Maximume1
- Setting
- Fars Agricultural Research Statione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a bread wheat cultivar treated with Azotobacter, arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) and nitrogen sources by using split plot on the basis of randomized complete block design with three replications in Fars Agricultural Research Station during 2007-2008”
e1“Maximum kernel weight was found in Azotobacter and Azotobacter+Micorrhiyza and minimum in control and Micorrhiyza treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Control and mycorrhiza treatments gave the minimum kernel weight of wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- control and Micorrhiyza treatmentse1
- Outcome
- kernel weighte1
- Direction
- minimume1
- Setting
- Fars Agricultural Research Statione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a bread wheat cultivar treated with Azotobacter, arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) and nitrogen sources by using split plot on the basis of randomized complete block design with three replications in Fars Agricultural Research Station during 2007-2008”
e1“Maximum kernel weight was found in Azotobacter and Azotobacter+Micorrhiyza and minimum in control and Micorrhiyza treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium nitrate gave significantly higher wheat grain yield than the other N sources and biofertilizers.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Ammonium nitratee2
- Outcome
- grain yielde2
- Direction
- highere2
- Comparator
- the other N sources and biofertilizerse2
- Setting
- Fars Agricultural Research Statione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a bread wheat cultivar treated with Azotobacter, arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) and nitrogen sources by using split plot on the basis of randomized complete block design with three replications in Fars Agricultural Research Station during 2007-2008”
e2“Ammonium nitrate and Azotobacter + Micorrhiyza treatments gave significantly higher grain yield than the other N sources and biofertilizers”
Claim · model-written summary
Azotobacter plus mycorrhiza gave significantly higher wheat grain yield than the other N sources and biofertilizers.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Azotobacter + Micorrhiyzae2
- Interactor
- AzotobacterAzotobactere2symbiont
- Second interactor
- Micorrhiyzae2symbiont
- Outcome
- grain yielde2
- Direction
- highere2
- Comparator
- the other N sources and biofertilizerse2
- Setting
- Fars Agricultural Research Statione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a bread wheat cultivar treated with Azotobacter, arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) and nitrogen sources by using split plot on the basis of randomized complete block design with three replications in Fars Agricultural Research Station during 2007-2008”
e2“Ammonium nitrate and Azotobacter + Micorrhiyza treatments gave significantly higher grain yield than the other N sources and biofertilizers”
Claim · model-written summary
Biological yield and harvest index of wheat were affected only by N sources.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- N sourcese1
- Outcome
- Biologic yield and harvest indexe1
- Direction
- affectede1
- Setting
- Fars Agricultural Research Statione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a bread wheat cultivar treated with Azotobacter, arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) and nitrogen sources by using split plot on the basis of randomized complete block design with three replications in Fars Agricultural Research Station during 2007-2008”
e1“Biologic yield and harvest index were only affected by N sources treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium nitrate and urea fertilizer treatments gave higher biological yield and harvest index of wheat than the two other N sources.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- ammonium nitrate and urea fertilizer treatmentse2
- Outcome
- Biologic yield and harvest indexe1
- Direction
- highere2
- Comparator
- two other N sourcese2
- Setting
- Fars Agricultural Research Statione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a bread wheat cultivar treated with Azotobacter, arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) and nitrogen sources by using split plot on the basis of randomized complete block design with three replications in Fars Agricultural Research Station during 2007-2008”
e1“Biologic yield and harvest index were only affected by N sources treatments”
e2“ammonium nitrate and urea fertilizer treatments were higher than two other N sources”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium nitrate increased wheat grain protein by 19% compared with urea and SCU fertilizers.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- ammonium nitratee1
- Outcome
- Grain protein percente1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 19 %e1
- Comparator
- urea and SCU fertilizerse1
- Setting
- Fars Agricultural Research Statione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a bread wheat cultivar treated with Azotobacter, arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) and nitrogen sources by using split plot on the basis of randomized complete block design with three replications in Fars Agricultural Research Station during 2007-2008”
e1“Grain protein percent increased up to 19 % in ammonium nitrate than urea and SCU fertilizers”
Claim · model-written summary
Azotobacter plus mycorrhiza increased wheat grain protein by 13% compared with control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Azotobacter + Micorrhiyza treatmente1
- Outcome
- grain proteine1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 13 %e1
- Comparator
- controle1
- Setting
- Fars Agricultural Research Statione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a bread wheat cultivar treated with Azotobacter, arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) and nitrogen sources by using split plot on the basis of randomized complete block design with three replications in Fars Agricultural Research Station during 2007-2008”
e1“Azotobacter + Micorrhiyza treatment increased grain protein by 13 % than control”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate increased wheat grain yield and nitrogen fertilizer efficiency compared with urea and SCU.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfatee1
- Outcome
- grain yield and nitrogen fertilizer efficiencye1
- Direction
- increasinge1
- Comparator
- urea and SCUe1
- Setting
- Fars Agricultural Research Statione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a bread wheat cultivar treated with Azotobacter, arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) and nitrogen sources by using split plot on the basis of randomized complete block design with three replications in Fars Agricultural Research Station during 2007-2008”
e1“ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate resulted in increasing grain yield and nitrogen fertilizer efficiency compared with urea and SCU”
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See all 2,061 papers →8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.