Abstract
Abstract Field experiments were carried out at the INTA Bordenave Agriculture Experiment Station to determine the effect of Azospirillum brasilense and Bacillus polymyxa on the yield of wheat. Seeds were inoculated with different strains of A. brasilense and a strain of B. polymyxa. Sowing was performed with 100 kg seed ha‐1 at the beginning of winter for the period 1987–1991. Azospirillum brasilense strain Az 39 increased yields of the Cochicó INTA wheat cultivar by 13.4% in 1988–1989; 24.3% in 1990–1991, and 15.5% in 1991–1992. Yields of cultivar Buck Poncho increased by 21.6%, and of Prointa Pigüé by 20.8% and 33.3% during the latter two periods. In one out of two cropping cycles, A. brasilense strain Cd increased yield of the Cochicó INTA cultivar by 25.7%. Other strains did not affect yields significantly. Strain Az 39 increased wheat yields in an unfertilized soil but not if the soil was amended with 19 kg N ha‐1 as urea. Inoculation of Cochicó INTA seeds with B. polymyxa Bp 4317 increased yield by 13.6% and 19.5% in two different years. When the bacterium was co‐inoculated with A. brasilense Cd, no synergistic effect on yield was observed. However, it increased yield of cultivar Prointa Pigüé by 20.1%. Grain protein content was not influenced by inoculation. The results suggest that wheat growing in semiarid regions of Argentina (about 2 million ha) could benefit from seed inoculation if bacterial strains and wheat cultivars are carefully selected and soil conditions are appropriate. Key words: Azospirillum brasilense Bacillus polymyxa seed inoculationsemiarid conditionswheat yield
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Az 39 increased Cochicó INTA wheat yield by 13.4% in 1988–1989.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Material
- Cochicó INTAe0
- Treatment
- Azospirillum brasilense strain Az 39e0
- Interactor
- Azospirillum brasilense
Azospirillum brasilensee0symbiont - Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 13.4%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Azospirillum brasilense strain Az 39 increased yields of the Cochicó INTA wheat cultivar by 13.4% in 1988–1989”
Claim · model-written summary
Az 39 increased Cochicó INTA wheat yield by 24.3% in 1990–1991.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Cochicó INTAe0
- Treatment
- Azospirillum brasilense strain Az 39e0
- Interactor
- Azospirillum brasilenseAzospirillum brasilensee0symbiont
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 24.3%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Azospirillum brasilense strain Az 39 increased yields of the Cochicó INTA wheat cultivar by 13.4% in 1988–1989; 24.3% in 1990–1991”
Claim · model-written summary
Az 39 increased Cochicó INTA wheat yield by 15.5% in 1991–1992.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- Cochicó INTAe0
- Treatment
- Azospirillum brasilense strain Az 39e0
- Interactor
- Azospirillum brasilenseAzospirillum brasilensee0symbiont
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 15.5%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Azospirillum brasilense strain Az 39 increased yields of the Cochicó INTA wheat cultivar by 13.4% in 1988–1989; 24.3% in 1990–1991, and 15.5% in 1991–1992”
Claim · model-written summary
Buck Poncho yield increased by 21.6% with Az 39.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Buck Ponchoe0
- Treatment
- Azospirillum brasilense strain Az 39e1
- Interactor
- Azospirillum brasilenseAzospirillum brasilenset0symbiont
- Outcome
- Yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 21.6%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yields of cultivar Buck Poncho increased by 21.6%”
t0“wheat to inoculation withAzospirillum brasilense”
e1“Azospirillum brasilense strain Az 39 increased yields of the Cochicó INTA wheat cultivar by 13.4% in 1988–1989”
Claim · model-written summary
Prointa Pigüé yield increased by 20.8% with Az 39.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Prointa Pigüée0
- Treatment
- Azospirillum brasilenset0
- Interactor
- Azospirillum brasilenseAzospirillum brasilenset0symbiont
- Outcome
- Yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 20.8%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yields of cultivar Buck Poncho increased by 21.6%, and of Prointa Pigüé by 20.8% and 33.3% during the latter two periods”
t0“wheat to inoculation withAzospirillum brasilense”
Claim · model-written summary
Prointa Pigüé yield increased by 33.3% with Az 39.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Prointa Pigüée0
- Treatment
- Azospirillum brasilenset0
- Interactor
- Azospirillum brasilenseAzospirillum brasilenset0symbiont
- Outcome
- Yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 33.3%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yields of cultivar Buck Poncho increased by 21.6%, and of Prointa Pigüé by 20.8% and 33.3% during the latter two periods”
t0“wheat to inoculation withAzospirillum brasilense”
Claim · model-written summary
Strain Cd increased Cochicó INTA yield by 25.7% in one of two cycles.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Cochicó INTAe0
- Treatment
- A. brasilense strain Cde0
- Interactor
- A. brasilenseAzospirillum brasilensee0symbiont
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 25.7%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A. brasilense strain Cd increased yield of the Cochicó INTA cultivar by 25.7%”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Other inoculant strains did not significantly affect yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Other strainse0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Other strains did not affect yields significantly”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Az 39 increased wheat yield in unfertilized soil.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Strain Az 39e0
- Interactor
- Azospirillum brasilenseAzospirillum brasilenset0symbiont
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Setting
- unfertilized soile0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Strain Az 39 increased wheat yields in an unfertilized soil”
t0“Azospirillum brasilense”
Claim · model-written summary
Az 39 did not increase yield when soil received urea.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Strain Az 39e0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- note0
- Qualifier
- 19 kg N ha‐1 as ureae0
- Setting
- soile0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Strain Az 39 increased wheat yields in an unfertilized soil but not if the soil was amended with 19 kg N ha‐1 as urea”
Claim · model-written summary
Bp 4317 increased Cochicó INTA yield by 13.6% in one year.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Cochicó INTAe0
- Treatment
- Inoculation of Cochicó INTA seeds with B. polymyxa Bp 4317e0
- Interactor
- B. polymyxa
Paenibacillus polymyxae0symbiont - Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 13.6%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation of Cochicó INTA seeds with B. polymyxa Bp 4317 increased yield by 13.6% and 19.5% in two different years”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Bp 4317 increased Cochicó INTA yield by 19.5% in another year.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Cochicó INTAe0
- Treatment
- Inoculation of Cochicó INTA seeds with B. polymyxa Bp 4317e0
- Interactor
- B. polymyxaPaenibacillus polymyxae0symbiont
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 19.5%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation of Cochicó INTA seeds with B. polymyxa Bp 4317 increased yield by 13.6% and 19.5% in two different years”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-inoculation of Bp 4317 and Cd showed no synergistic yield effect.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- co‐inoculated with A. brasilense Cde0
- Interactor
- A. brasilenseAzospirillum brasilensee0symbiont
- Outcome
- synergistic effect on yielde0
- Direction
- noe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When the bacterium was co‐inoculated with A. brasilense Cd, no synergistic effect on yield was observed”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The bacterial treatment increased Prointa Pigüé yield by 20.1%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Prointa Pigüée0
- Treatment
- bacillus polymyxat0
- Interactor
- bacillus polymyxaPaenibacillus polymyxat0symbiont
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 20.1%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, it increased yield of cultivar Prointa Pigüé by 20.1%”
t0“wheat to inoculation withAzospirillum brasilenseandbacillus polymyxa”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation did not influence grain protein content.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- inoculatione0
- Outcome
- Grain protein contente0
- Direction
- not influencede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain protein content was not influenced by inoculation”
t0“wheat”
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