Abstract
The demand for agricultural crops continues to escalate with an increasing population. To meet this demand, marginal land can be used as a sustainable source for increased plant productivity. However, moisture stress not only affects crop growth and productivity but also induces plants' susceptibility to various diseases. The positive role of plant growth hormone, salicylic acid (SA), on the defence systems of plants has been well documented. With this in mind, a combination of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and SA was used to evaluate its performance on wheat grown under rainfed conditions (average moisture 10-14%). The selected bacterial strains were characterized for proline production, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), hydrogen cyanide (HCN), ammonia (NH3), and exopolysaccharides (EPS). Wheat seeds of two genotypes, Inqilab-91 (drought tolerant) and Shahkar-2013 (drought sensitive), which differed in terms of their sensitivity to drought stress, were soaked for three hours prior to sowing in 24-hour old cultures of the bacterial strains Planomicrobium chinense strain P1 (accession no. MF616408) and Bacillus cereus strain P2 (accession no. MF616406). SA was applied (150 mg/L), as a foliar spray on one-month-old wheat seedlings. A significant reduction in the physiological parameters was noted in the plants grown in rainfed conditions but the PGPR and SA treatment effectively ameliorated the adverse effects of moisture stress. The wheat plants treated with PGPR and SA showed significant increases in leaf protein and sugar contents and maintained higher chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence (fv/fm) and performance index (PI) under rainfed conditions. Leaf proline content, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant enzyme activity were higher in the non-inoculated plants grown in rainfed conditions but significantly reduced in the inoculated plants of both genotypes. Integrative use of a combination of PGPR strains and SA appears to be a promising and eco-friendly strategy for reducing moisture stress in plants.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat physiological parameters were reduced under rainfed conditions.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- rainfed conditionse0
- Outcome
- physiological parameterse0
- Direction
- reductione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A significant reduction in the physiological parameters was noted in the plants grown in rainfed conditions”
t0“wheat grown under rainfed conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
PGPR strains and salicylic acid ameliorated the adverse effects of moisture stress in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- the PGPR and SA treatmente1
- Interactor
- Planomicrobium chinense strain P1Planococcus chinensise2symbiont
- Second interactor
- Bacillus cereus strain P2
Bacillus cereuse2symbiont - Outcome
- adverse effects of moisture stresse1
- Direction
- amelioratede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“the PGPR and SA treatment effectively ameliorated the adverse effects of moisture stress”
e2“Planomicrobium chinense strain P1 (accession no. MF616408) and Bacillus cereus strain P2”
t0“wheat grown under rainfed conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
PGPR and salicylic acid significantly increased leaf protein and sugar contents of wheat under rainfed conditions.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume3
- Treatment
- PGPR and SAe3
- Outcome
- leaf protein and sugar contentse3
- Direction
- increasese3
- Setting
- rainfed conditionse3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“The wheat plants treated with PGPR and SA showed significant increases in leaf protein and sugar contents and maintained higher chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence (fv/fm) and performance index (PI) under rainfed conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
PGPR and salicylic acid kept chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence (fv/fm) and performance index (PI) higher in wheat under rainfed conditions.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume3
- Treatment
- PGPR and SAe3
- Outcome
- chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence (fv/fm) and performance index (PI)e3
- Direction
- highere3
- Setting
- rainfed conditionse3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“The wheat plants treated with PGPR and SA showed significant increases in leaf protein and sugar contents and maintained higher chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence (fv/fm) and performance index (PI) under rainfed conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation reduced leaf proline, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activity in wheat grown under rainfed conditions compared with non-inoculated plants.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- inoculated plantse4
- Outcome
- Leaf proline content, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant enzyme activitye4
- Direction
- reducede4
- Comparator
- non-inoculated plantse4
- Setting
- rainfed conditionse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Leaf proline content, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant enzyme activity were higher in the non-inoculated plants grown in rainfed conditions but significantly reduced in the inoculated plants of both genotypes”
t0“wheat grown under rainfed conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Integrative use of PGPR strains and salicylic acid is suggested as a strategy for reducing moisture stress in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Integrative use of a combination of PGPR strains and SAe5
- Outcome
- reducing moisture stresse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Integrative use of a combination of PGPR strains and SA appears to be a promising and eco-friendly strategy for reducing moisture stress in plants”
t0“wheat grown under rainfed conditions”
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