Abstract
An apple pest management program that relied heavily on reduced-risk pesticides and mating disruption was evaluated on approximately 800 acres in North Carolina over a three-year period from 2000 to 2002. Before initiation of the project, tufted apple bud moth, codling moth and oriental fruit moth were the primary insect pests of apples in this region. The use of insect growth regulators and mating disruption provided excellent control of lepidopterous pests, but insects that were sporadic or of minor importance under organophosphate-based systems increased in importance, including San Jose scale, Comstock mealybug, plum curculio, and apple maggot. The recent registrations of new insecticides (Esteem, Actara and Avaunt) have helped to solve these initial problems. However, the cost of alternative pest management programs was higher than conventional organophosphate-based programs.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Insect growth regulators and mating disruption gave excellent control of lepidopterous pests.
- Taxon
- apples
Malus domesticat0 - Treatment
- insect growth regulators and mating disruptione0
- Interactor
- lepidopterous pestse0pest
- Outcome
- excellent control of lepidopterous pestse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The use of insect growth regulators and mating disruption provided excellent control of lepidopterous pests”
t0“apples”
Claim · model-written summary
San Jose scale increased in importance under the alternative program.
Verbatim
e0“insects that were sporadic or of minor importance under organophosphate-based systems increased in importance, including San Jose scale, Comstock mealybug, plum curculio, and apple maggot.”
Claim · model-written summary
Comstock mealybug increased in importance under the alternative program.
Verbatim
e0“insects that were sporadic or of minor importance under organophosphate-based systems increased in importance, including San Jose scale, Comstock mealybug, plum curculio, and apple maggot.”
Claim · model-written summary
Plum curculio increased in importance under the alternative program.
- Taxon
- plum curculio
Conotrachelus nenuphare0 - Outcome
- importancee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- organophosphate-based systemse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“insects that were sporadic or of minor importance under organophosphate-based systems increased in importance, including San Jose scale, Comstock mealybug, plum curculio, and apple maggot.”
Claim · model-written summary
Apple maggot increased in importance under the alternative program.
- Taxon
- apple maggot
Rhagoletis pomonellae0 - Outcome
- importancee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- organophosphate-based systemse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“insects that were sporadic or of minor importance under organophosphate-based systems increased in importance, including San Jose scale, Comstock mealybug, plum curculio, and apple maggot.”
Claim · model-written summary
New insecticide registrations helped solve the initial pest problems.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- new insecticides (Esteem, Actara and Avaunt)e0
- Outcome
- helped to solve these initial problemse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The recent registrations of new insecticides (Esteem, Actara and Avaunt) have helped to solve these initial problems.”
t0“apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Alternative pest programs cost more than conventional organophosphate programs.
- Outcome
- cost of alternative pest management programse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- conventional organophosphate-based programse0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“the cost of alternative pest management programs was higher than conventional organophosphate-based programs.”
The same questions in other papers
loss of function · pest · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.