Abstract
`Gardiner Delicious'/MM.lO6 apple (Malus domestics Borkh.) trees were initially sprayed in 1985 with paclobutrazol (PB) at 250 mg.liter -1 at tight cluster and again on 10 and 25 June and 29 July. From 1986 through 1988, PB sprays of 85 or 100 mg·liter -1 were applied at either petal fall (PF) + 2 or PF + 4 weeks and one to two additional sprays were applied per year when growth resumed. Promalin was applied to one group of trees that received PB starting at PF + 2 weeks. PB reduced terminal, lateral, and total shoot growth the year of application and in subsequent years. Although average shoot length of lateral and terminal shoots was reduced, the greatest reduction in growth occurred because PB prevented spurs from growing into lateral and terminal shoots. Compared to unsprayed trees, PB reduced pruning time in all 4 years by 23% to 70%. PB increased bloom only the first year after application, but increased fruit set for 2 years due to a carryover effect. Application of PB in 1985 caused a reduction in fruit size, sometimes in soluble solids concentration, length: diameter (L : D) ratio, and pedicel length. Promalin either overcame the reduction in the ratio or increased it in 1986. Reduced rates of PB in subsequent years caused few adverse effects on the fruit. PB increased flesh firmness when applied at PF + 2 weeks but not at PF + 4 weeks. Trees treated with PB produced fruit with higher flesh Ca and less bitter pit, cork spot, and senescent breakdown following regular air storage. Chemical names used: ß -(4 -chlorophenyl)methyl α -(1,1-dimethylethyl) -1H-l,2,4-triazole-1-ethanol (paclobutrazol, PB); gibberellins A 4+7 plus N-(phenylmethyl) -1H-purine-6-amine (Promalin).
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Paclobutrazol reduced terminal, lateral and total shoot growth in the application year and subsequent years.
- Taxon
- Apples
Malus domesticat0 - Treatment
- PBe0
- Outcome
- terminal, lateral, and total shoot growthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apples”
e0“PB reduced terminal, lateral, and total shoot growth the year of application and in subsequent years”
Claim · model-written summary
Paclobutrazol reduced mean length of lateral and terminal shoots.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- average shoot length of lateral and terminal shootse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apples”
e0“average shoot length of lateral and terminal shoots was reduced”
Claim · model-written summary
Paclobutrazol prevented spurs from developing into lateral and terminal shoots.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- PBe0
- Outcome
- spurs from growing into lateral and terminal shootse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apples”
e0“PB prevented spurs from growing into lateral and terminal shoots”
Claim · model-written summary
Paclobutrazol reduced pruning time by 23% to 70% across four years versus unsprayed trees.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- PBe0
- Outcome
- pruning timee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 23% to 70%e0
- Comparator
- unsprayed treese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apples”
e0“Compared to unsprayed trees, PB reduced pruning time in all 4 years by 23% to 70%”
Claim · model-written summary
Paclobutrazol increased bloom only in the first year after application.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- PBe0
- Outcome
- bloome0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- only the first year after applicatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apples”
e0“PB increased bloom only the first year after application”
Claim · model-written summary
Paclobutrazol increased fruit set for two years through carryover.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- PBe1
- Outcome
- fruit sete0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- for 2 years due to a carryover effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apples”
e0“increased fruit set for 2 years due to a carryover effect”
e1“PB increased bloom only the first year after application”
Claim · model-written summary
The 1985 paclobutrazol application reduced fruit size.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Application of PB in 1985e0
- Outcome
- fruit sizee0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apples”
e0“Application of PB in 1985 caused a reduction in fruit size, sometimes in soluble solids concentration, length: diameter (L : D) ratio, and pedicel length”
Claim · model-written summary
The 1985 paclobutrazol application sometimes reduced soluble solids concentration.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Application of PB in 1985e0
- Outcome
- soluble solids concentratione0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Qualifier
- sometimese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apples”
e0“Application of PB in 1985 caused a reduction in fruit size, sometimes in soluble solids concentration, length: diameter (L : D) ratio, and pedicel length”
Claim · model-written summary
The 1985 paclobutrazol application reduced fruit length to diameter ratio.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Application of PB in 1985e0
- Outcome
- length: diameter (L : D) ratioe0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apples”
e0“Application of PB in 1985 caused a reduction in fruit size, sometimes in soluble solids concentration, length: diameter (L : D) ratio, and pedicel length”
Claim · model-written summary
The 1985 paclobutrazol application reduced pedicel length.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Application of PB in 1985e0
- Outcome
- pedicel lengthe0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apples”
e0“Application of PB in 1985 caused a reduction in fruit size, sometimes in soluble solids concentration, length: diameter (L : D) ratio, and pedicel length”
Claim · model-written summary
Promalin overcame or increased fruit length to diameter ratio in 1986.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Promaline0
- Outcome
- length: diameter (L : D) ratioe1
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apples”
e0“Promalin either overcame the reduction in the ratio or increased it in 1986”
e1“length: diameter (L : D) ratio”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced paclobutrazol rates in subsequent years caused few adverse fruit effects.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Reduced rates of PBe0
- Outcome
- few adverse effects on the fruite0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apples”
e0“Reduced rates of PB in subsequent years caused few adverse effects on the fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Paclobutrazol increased flesh firmness at petal fall plus two weeks, but not plus four weeks.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- PBe0
- Outcome
- flesh firmnesse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- when applied at PF + 2 weeks but not at PF + 4 weekse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apples”
e0“PB increased flesh firmness when applied at PF + 2 weeks but not at PF + 4 weeks”
Claim · model-written summary
Paclobutrazol treated trees had fruit with higher flesh calcium.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- PBe0
- Outcome
- flesh Cae0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apples”
e0“Trees treated with PB produced fruit with higher flesh Ca and less bitter pit, cork spot, and senescent breakdown following regular air storage”
Claim · model-written summary
Paclobutrazol treated trees had less bitter pit, cork spot and senescent breakdown after storage.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- PBe0
- Outcome
- bitter pit, cork spot, and senescent breakdowne0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Qualifier
- following regular air storagee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apples”
e0“Trees treated with PB produced fruit with higher flesh Ca and less bitter pit, cork spot, and senescent breakdown following regular air storage”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.