Abstract
Abstract The effects of the plant growth regulators (PGR) gibberellins A 4+7 (GA 4+7 ; 25, 50, and 150 mg·liter −1 ), BA (25 mg·liter −1 ), and GA 4+7 + BA (Promalin; 25 mg·liter −1 ) on pedicel growth and fruit development of ‘McIntosh’ and ‘Spartan’ apple ( Malus domestica Borkh.) trees previously treated with foliar- or soil-applied paclobutrazol (PBZ) were examined. By full bloom, pedicels had completed the elongation growth phase regardless of treatment. Pedicel length was very sensitive to PBZ treatment since it was reduced logarithmically in response to dose. No differences in pedicel diameters were found. PBZ decreased fruit fresh weight, dry weight, and fruit length and diameter in both ‘McIntosh’ and ‘Spartan’ trees. The adverse effects of PBZ carryover on fruit-quality factors such as size and pedicel length were not overcome with GA 4+7 (25 or 50 mg·liter −1 ), BA, or Promalin (25 mg·liter −1 ) applied when the king-bloom was in full bloom. Reversal of PBZ-induced pedicel length inhibition was only observed with GA 4+7 (150 mg·liter −1 ) applied prior to the main period of pedicel elongation. BA alone had no effect on any fruit growth parameters. PBZ reduced pedicel and fruit cell length, while GA 4+7 (150 mg·liter −1 ) applied at 2 weeks before full bloom increased pedicel cell length. Chemical names used: β-[(4-chIorophenyl)methyl]-α-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1 H -1,2,4-triazol-1-ethanol (paclobutrazol); N -(phenylmethyl)-1 H -purine-6-amine (BA); (1α,2β4aα,4bβ,10β)-2,4a,7-trihydroxy-1-methyl-8-methylenegibb-3-ene-l,10-dicarboxylic acid l,4a-lactone (GA 4+7 ).
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by-nc-nd. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Pedicels completed elongation by full bloom regardless of treatment.
- Taxon
- Apple
Malus domesticat0 - Organ / stage
- pedicelse0
- Outcome
- completed the elongation growth phasee0
- Qualifier
- By full bloome0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“By full bloom, pedicels had completed the elongation growth phase regardless of treatment.”
t0“Apple Pedicels and Fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
PBZ reduced pedicel length logarithmically with dose.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- PBZ treatmente0
- Outcome
- Pedicel lengthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- logarithmically in response to dosee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pedicel length was very sensitive to PBZ treatment since it was reduced logarithmically in response to dose.”
t0“Apple Pedicels and Fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
Pedicel diameters did not differ.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- pedicel diameterse0
- Direction
- No differencese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No differences in pedicel diameters were found.”
t0“Apple Pedicels and Fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
PBZ reduced fresh weight, dry weight, length, and diameter of fruit in both cultivars.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- ‘McIntosh’ and ‘Spartan’e0
- Treatment
- PBZe0
- Outcome
- fruit fresh weight, dry weight, and fruit length and diametere0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PBZ decreased fruit fresh weight, dry weight, and fruit length and diameter in both ‘McIntosh’ and ‘Spartan’ trees.”
t0“Apple Pedicels and Fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
GA 4+7, BA, and Promalin at bloom did not overcome PBZ carryover effects on fruit size and pedicel length.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- GA 4+7 (25 or 50 mg·liter −1 ), BA, or Promalin (25 mg·liter −1 )e0
- Outcome
- size and pedicel lengthe0
- Direction
- not overcomee0
- Comparator
- PBZ carryovere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The adverse effects of PBZ carryover on fruit-quality factors such as size and pedicel length were not overcome with GA 4+7 (25 or 50 mg·liter −1 ), BA, or Promalin (25 mg·liter −1 ) applied when the king-bloom was in full bloom.”
t0“Apple Pedicels and Fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
Early GA 4+7 at 150 mg·liter −1 reversed PBZ-induced pedicel length inhibition.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- GA 4+7 (150 mg·liter −1 )e0
- Outcome
- pedicel length inhibitione0
- Direction
- Reversale0
- Qualifier
- prior to the main period of pedicel elongatione0
- Comparator
- PBZ-inducede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reversal of PBZ-induced pedicel length inhibition was only observed with GA 4+7 (150 mg·liter −1 ) applied prior to the main period of pedicel elongation.”
t0“Apple Pedicels and Fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
BA alone had no effect on fruit growth parameters.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- BA alonee0
- Outcome
- fruit growth parameterse0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BA alone had no effect on any fruit growth parameters.”
t0“Apple Pedicels and Fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
PBZ reduced pedicel and fruit cell length.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- PBZe0
- Outcome
- pedicel and fruit cell lengthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PBZ reduced pedicel and fruit cell length”
t0“Apple Pedicels and Fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
GA 4+7 at 150 mg·liter −1 two weeks before bloom increased pedicel cell length.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- GA 4+7 (150 mg·liter −1 )e0
- Outcome
- pedicel cell lengthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- 2 weeks before full bloome0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GA 4+7 (150 mg·liter −1 ) applied at 2 weeks before full bloom increased pedicel cell length.”
t0“Apple Pedicels and Fruits”
The same questions in other papers
paclobutrazol · yield · Malus domestica (apple)Results differ
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
6 papers more in this group
See all 10 papers →Gibberellic acid · growth · Malus domestica (apple)Results differ
9 papers in the same direction as this paper · 23 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- positive
29 papers more in this group
See all 33 papers →N-benzyladenine · growth · Malus domestica (apple)Results differ
16 papers in the same direction as this paper · 40 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
53 papers more in this group
See all 57 papers →Gibberellic acid · disease · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- positive
6 papers more in this group
See all 10 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.