Abstract
Understanding the response of a crop to water deficiency is the first step towards breeding drought-tolerant varieties. In this study, inbred maize (Zea mays L.) line KS140 was subjected to drought stress by withholding water for 10 days at the V5 or V6 leaf stage. Water-deficient plants experienced a decrease in relative leaf water content, stomatal conductance, net CO2 assimilation rate, and water use efficiency compared to well-watered plants. This was accompanied by a decrease in the relative water content that resulted in severe growth retardation (75% decrease in leaf area, and 64% and 56% decrease in aerial tissue and root dry matter, respectively). Leaf chlorophyll content was unchanged. Two-dimensional electrophoresis protein expression profiles were compared between wellwatered and water-deficient plants. Differential expression was observed for 29 protein spots, and these were identified using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Of these proteins, 34% were involved in metabolism, 24% in response to stress, 14% in photosynthesis, 7% in protein modification, and 14% were proteins of unknown function. Of the 29 differentially expressed proteins, 24 and 5 protein spots were up- and down-regulated in water-deficient plants, respectively. Two pathogenesis-related proteins, an abscisic stress-ripening protein and heat shock protein 1, were expressed only under drought conditions. This study provides a protein profile of a Korean maize inbred line during drought stress, which will be valuable for future studies of the molecular mechanisms underlying drought resistance and for development of selective breeding markers for drought tolerance in maize.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Drought decreased relative leaf water content, stomatal conductance and net CO2 assimilation rate in maize line KS140 compared with well-watered plants.
- Material
- line KS140e2
- Organ / stage
- V5 or V6 leaf stagee2
- Treatment
- withholding water for 10 dayse2
- Outcome
- relative leaf water content, stomatal conductance, net CO2 assimilation ratee1
- Direction
- decreasee1
- Comparator
- well-watered plantse1
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“inbred maize (Zea mays L.) line KS140 was subjected to drought stress by withholding water for 10 days at the V5 or V6 leaf stage”
e1“Water-deficient plants experienced a decrease in relative leaf water content, stomatal conductance, net CO2 assimilation rate, and water use efficiency compared to well-watered plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought decreased water use efficiency in maize line KS140 compared with well-watered plants.
- Material
- line KS140e2
- Organ / stage
- V5 or V6 leaf stagee2
- Treatment
- withholding water for 10 dayse2
- Outcome
- water use efficiencye1
- Direction
- decreasee1
- Comparator
- well-watered plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“inbred maize (Zea mays L.) line KS140 was subjected to drought stress by withholding water for 10 days at the V5 or V6 leaf stage”
e1“Water-deficient plants experienced a decrease in relative leaf water content, stomatal conductance, net CO2 assimilation rate, and water use efficiency compared to well-watered plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought reduced leaf area in maize line KS140 by 75% compared with well-watered plants.
- Material
- line KS140e2
- Organ / stage
- V5 or V6 leaf stagee2
- Treatment
- withholding water for 10 dayse2
- Outcome
- leaf areae3
- Direction
- decreasee3
- Value
- 75%e3
- Comparator
- well-watered plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“inbred maize (Zea mays L.) line KS140 was subjected to drought stress by withholding water for 10 days at the V5 or V6 leaf stage”
e1“Water-deficient plants experienced a decrease in relative leaf water content, stomatal conductance, net CO2 assimilation rate, and water use efficiency compared to well-watered plants”
e3“resulted in severe growth retardation (75% decrease in leaf area, and 64% and 56% decrease in aerial tissue and root dry matter, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought reduced aerial tissue dry matter by 64% in maize line KS140 compared with well-watered plants.
- Material
- line KS140e2
- Organ / stage
- V5 or V6 leaf stagee2
- Treatment
- withholding water for 10 dayse2
- Outcome
- aerial tissuee3
- Direction
- decreasee3
- Value
- 64%e3
- Comparator
- well-watered plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“inbred maize (Zea mays L.) line KS140 was subjected to drought stress by withholding water for 10 days at the V5 or V6 leaf stage”
e1“Water-deficient plants experienced a decrease in relative leaf water content, stomatal conductance, net CO2 assimilation rate, and water use efficiency compared to well-watered plants”
e3“resulted in severe growth retardation (75% decrease in leaf area, and 64% and 56% decrease in aerial tissue and root dry matter, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought reduced root dry matter by 56% in maize line KS140 compared with well-watered plants.
- Material
- line KS140e2
- Organ / stage
- V5 or V6 leaf stagee2
- Treatment
- withholding water for 10 dayse2
- Outcome
- root dry mattere3
- Direction
- decreasee3
- Value
- 56%e3
- Comparator
- well-watered plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“inbred maize (Zea mays L.) line KS140 was subjected to drought stress by withholding water for 10 days at the V5 or V6 leaf stage”
e1“Water-deficient plants experienced a decrease in relative leaf water content, stomatal conductance, net CO2 assimilation rate, and water use efficiency compared to well-watered plants”
e3“resulted in severe growth retardation (75% decrease in leaf area, and 64% and 56% decrease in aerial tissue and root dry matter, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf chlorophyll content was unchanged under drought in maize line KS140.
- Material
- line KS140e2
- Organ / stage
- V5 or V6 leaf stagee2
- Treatment
- withholding water for 10 dayse2
- Outcome
- Leaf chlorophyll contente4
- Direction
- unchangede4
- Comparator
- well-watered plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“inbred maize (Zea mays L.) line KS140 was subjected to drought stress by withholding water for 10 days at the V5 or V6 leaf stage”
e1“Water-deficient plants experienced a decrease in relative leaf water content, stomatal conductance, net CO2 assimilation rate, and water use efficiency compared to well-watered plants”
e4“Leaf chlorophyll content was unchanged”
Claim · model-written summary
Twenty-nine protein spots were differentially expressed between well-watered and water-deficient maize plants.
- Material
- line KS140e2
- Organ / stage
- V5 or V6 leaf stagee2
- Treatment
- withholding water for 10 dayse2
- Outcome
- protein spotse5
- Direction
- Differential expressione5
- Value
- 29e5
- Comparator
- well-watered plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“inbred maize (Zea mays L.) line KS140 was subjected to drought stress by withholding water for 10 days at the V5 or V6 leaf stage”
e1“Water-deficient plants experienced a decrease in relative leaf water content, stomatal conductance, net CO2 assimilation rate, and water use efficiency compared to well-watered plants”
e5“Differential expression was observed for 29 protein spots, and these were identified using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry”
Claim · model-written summary
Of the differentially expressed protein spots, 24 were up-regulated in water-deficient maize plants.
- Material
- line KS140e2
- Organ / stage
- V5 or V6 leaf stagee2
- Treatment
- withholding water for 10 dayse2
- Outcome
- protein spotse6
- Direction
- increaseinferrede6
- Value
- 24e6
- Comparator
- well-watered plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“inbred maize (Zea mays L.) line KS140 was subjected to drought stress by withholding water for 10 days at the V5 or V6 leaf stage”
e1“Water-deficient plants experienced a decrease in relative leaf water content, stomatal conductance, net CO2 assimilation rate, and water use efficiency compared to well-watered plants”
e6“Of the 29 differentially expressed proteins, 24 and 5 protein spots were up- and down-regulated in water-deficient plants, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Of the differentially expressed protein spots, 5 were down-regulated in water-deficient maize plants.
- Material
- line KS140e2
- Organ / stage
- V5 or V6 leaf stagee2
- Treatment
- withholding water for 10 dayse2
- Outcome
- protein spotse6
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede6
- Value
- 5e6
- Comparator
- well-watered plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“inbred maize (Zea mays L.) line KS140 was subjected to drought stress by withholding water for 10 days at the V5 or V6 leaf stage”
e1“Water-deficient plants experienced a decrease in relative leaf water content, stomatal conductance, net CO2 assimilation rate, and water use efficiency compared to well-watered plants”
e6“Of the 29 differentially expressed proteins, 24 and 5 protein spots were up- and down-regulated in water-deficient plants, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
34% of the identified proteins were involved in metabolism in drought-treated maize.
- Material
- line KS140e2
- Organ / stage
- V5 or V6 leaf stagee2
- Treatment
- withholding water for 10 dayse2
- Outcome
- involved in metabolisme7
- Value
- 34%e7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“inbred maize (Zea mays L.) line KS140 was subjected to drought stress by withholding water for 10 days at the V5 or V6 leaf stage”
e7“Of these proteins, 34% were involved in metabolism, 24% in response to stress, 14% in photosynthesis, 7% in protein modification, and 14% were proteins of unknown function”
Claim · model-written summary
24% of the identified proteins were involved in response to stress in drought-treated maize.
- Material
- line KS140e2
- Organ / stage
- V5 or V6 leaf stagee2
- Treatment
- withholding water for 10 dayse2
- Outcome
- in response to stresse7
- Value
- 24%e7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“inbred maize (Zea mays L.) line KS140 was subjected to drought stress by withholding water for 10 days at the V5 or V6 leaf stage”
e7“Of these proteins, 34% were involved in metabolism, 24% in response to stress, 14% in photosynthesis, 7% in protein modification, and 14% were proteins of unknown function”
Claim · model-written summary
14% of the identified proteins were involved in photosynthesis in drought-treated maize.
- Material
- line KS140e2
- Organ / stage
- V5 or V6 leaf stagee2
- Treatment
- withholding water for 10 dayse2
- Outcome
- in photosynthesise7
- Value
- 14%e7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“inbred maize (Zea mays L.) line KS140 was subjected to drought stress by withholding water for 10 days at the V5 or V6 leaf stage”
e7“Of these proteins, 34% were involved in metabolism, 24% in response to stress, 14% in photosynthesis, 7% in protein modification, and 14% were proteins of unknown function”
Claim · model-written summary
7% of the identified proteins were involved in protein modification in drought-treated maize.
- Material
- line KS140e2
- Organ / stage
- V5 or V6 leaf stagee2
- Treatment
- withholding water for 10 dayse2
- Outcome
- in protein modificatione7
- Value
- 7%e7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“inbred maize (Zea mays L.) line KS140 was subjected to drought stress by withholding water for 10 days at the V5 or V6 leaf stage”
e7“Of these proteins, 34% were involved in metabolism, 24% in response to stress, 14% in photosynthesis, 7% in protein modification, and 14% were proteins of unknown function”
Claim · model-written summary
14% of the identified proteins were of unknown function in drought-treated maize.
- Material
- line KS140e2
- Organ / stage
- V5 or V6 leaf stagee2
- Treatment
- withholding water for 10 dayse2
- Outcome
- proteins of unknown functione7
- Value
- 14%e7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“inbred maize (Zea mays L.) line KS140 was subjected to drought stress by withholding water for 10 days at the V5 or V6 leaf stage”
e7“Of these proteins, 34% were involved in metabolism, 24% in response to stress, 14% in photosynthesis, 7% in protein modification, and 14% were proteins of unknown function”
Claim · model-written summary
Two pathogenesis-related proteins, an abscisic stress-ripening protein and heat shock protein 1 were expressed only under drought in maize.
- Material
- line KS140e2
- Organ / stage
- V5 or V6 leaf stagee2
- Treatment
- drought conditionse0
- Gene
- pathogenesis-related proteinse0
- Outcome
- expressede0
- Qualifier
- an abscisic stress-ripening protein and heat shock protein 1e0
- Comparator
- well-watered plantse1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“inbred maize (Zea mays L.) line KS140 was subjected to drought stress by withholding water for 10 days at the V5 or V6 leaf stage”
e1“Water-deficient plants experienced a decrease in relative leaf water content, stomatal conductance, net CO2 assimilation rate, and water use efficiency compared to well-watered plants”
e0“Two pathogenesis-related proteins, an abscisic stress-ripening protein and heat shock protein 1, were expressed only under drought conditions”
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