Abstract
The impact of maize stand density (4, 8 and 12 plants per m2) on herbicide efficiency (in %) and cob yield loss (in %) was studied in four field trials. The mixture of soil-applied herbicides (HS) isoxaflutole and S-metolachlor and the mixture of foliar-applied herbicides (HF) dicamba and rimsulfuron was applied in two dosages (100 and 75% of dose recommended by manufacturers). The 100% dose of HS was (75 g isoxaflutole + 960 ml S-metolachlor) per ha and 100% dose of HF was (12.5 g rimsulfuron + 240 ml dicamba) per ha. In all four trials, the studied factors (stand density, herbicide type and dose) had significant impact on herbicide efficiency and on maize cob yield loss. The herbicide efficiency decreased significantly, when herbicides were applied to maize of lower stand density and the maize yield losses increased. When weed population was composed predominantly of annual seed weeds higher efficiency was obtained by HS herbicides, conversely, when the weed population was composed predominantly of perennial weeds the HF herbicides provided better control. The reduction of herbicide dose always caused the significant reduction in herbicide efficiency and increase in maize yield loss.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Lower maize stand density significantly reduced herbicide efficiency.
- Treatment
- lower stand densitye0
- Interactor
- weedse1weed
- Outcome
- herbicide efficiencye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The herbicide efficiency decreased significantly, when herbicides were applied to maize of lower stand density”
t0“maize stand density”
t1“maize stand density”
e1“When weed population was composed predominantly of annual seed weeds higher efficiency was obtained by HS herbicides”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower maize stand density increased maize yield loss.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maize yield losses increased”
t0“maize stand density”
t1“maize stand density”
e1“The herbicide efficiency decreased significantly, when herbicides were applied to maize of lower stand density”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil-applied herbicides controlled annual seed weeds more efficiently.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When weed population was composed predominantly of annual seed weeds higher efficiency was obtained by HS herbicides”
t0“maize stand density”
t1“maize stand density”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar-applied herbicides controlled perennial weeds better.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“when the weed population was composed predominantly of perennial weeds the HF herbicides provided better control”
t0“maize stand density”
t1“maize stand density”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced herbicide dose significantly reduced herbicide efficiency.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The reduction of herbicide dose always caused the significant reduction in herbicide efficiency”
t0“maize stand density”
t1“maize stand density”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced herbicide dose increased maize yield loss.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increase in maize yield loss”
t0“maize stand density”
t1“maize stand density”
e1“The reduction of herbicide dose always caused the significant reduction in herbicide efficiency”
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