Abstract
Autumn fertilization with nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) for eight years increased yield by 50% in avocado (Persea americana). The supplementary NP-treatment was compared with normal spring and summer fertilization alone. The yield increase was accompanied by increased root mass and activity in the spring, as monitored by increased white root tip density. The roots of NP-treated trees had higher levels of calcium (Ca) and endomycorrhiza. The concentration of P in roots was higher in NP-treated trees, while no differences were found in the concentration in leaves. The mineral composition was different on roots of different diameters. In thin roots (<1-mm-wide) of NP-treated trees, the P concentration was twice as high and there was a change in the quantitative relationship between the cations. NP treatment decreased the concentration of potassium and magnesium and increased the concentration of Ca. Also, in wider roots, there was a change in element concentration with trends similar to those in thin roots although not always as great as in thin roots. The concentration of microelements in roots was not affected by NP autumn fertilization. Further work must be done to determine the element concentration in roots during the growth season to verify the possibility of using these data as a measure of the nutrient status of the tree.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Autumn N and P fertilization for eight years increased avocado yield by 50% compared with normal spring and summer fertilization.
- Taxon
- avocado
Persea americanae0 - Treatment
- Autumn fertilization with nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P)e0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 50%e0
- Qualifier
- for eight yearse0
- Comparator
- normal spring and summer fertilization alonee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Autumn fertilization with nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) for eight years increased yield by 50% in avocado (Persea americana)”
e1“The supplementary NP-treatment was compared with normal spring and summer fertilization alone”
Claim · model-written summary
Autumn N and P fertilization increased root mass and activity in the spring in avocado.
- Taxon
- avocadoPersea americanae0
- Organ / stage
- roote2
- Treatment
- Autumn fertilization with nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P)e0
- Outcome
- root mass and activitye2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Qualifier
- in the springe2
- Comparator
- normal spring and summer fertilization alonee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Autumn fertilization with nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) for eight years increased yield by 50% in avocado (Persea americana)”
e1“The supplementary NP-treatment was compared with normal spring and summer fertilization alone”
e2“The yield increase was accompanied by increased root mass and activity in the spring, as monitored by increased white root tip density”
Claim · model-written summary
Autumn N and P fertilization increased white root tip density in avocado.
- Taxon
- avocadoPersea americanae0
- Organ / stage
- roote2
- Treatment
- Autumn fertilization with nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P)e0
- Outcome
- white root tip densitye2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Comparator
- normal spring and summer fertilization alonee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Autumn fertilization with nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) for eight years increased yield by 50% in avocado (Persea americana)”
e1“The supplementary NP-treatment was compared with normal spring and summer fertilization alone”
e2“The yield increase was accompanied by increased root mass and activity in the spring, as monitored by increased white root tip density”
Claim · model-written summary
Roots of NP-treated avocado trees had higher calcium (Ca) levels than the comparator.
- Taxon
- avocadoPersea americanae0
- Organ / stage
- rootse3
- Treatment
- NP-treated treese3
- Outcome
- levels of calcium (Ca)e3
- Direction
- highere3
- Comparator
- normal spring and summer fertilization alonee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Autumn fertilization with nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) for eight years increased yield by 50% in avocado (Persea americana)”
e1“The supplementary NP-treatment was compared with normal spring and summer fertilization alone”
e3“The roots of NP-treated trees had higher levels of calcium (Ca) and endomycorrhiza”
Claim · model-written summary
Roots of NP-treated avocado trees had higher endomycorrhiza than the comparator.
- Taxon
- avocadoPersea americanae0
- Organ / stage
- rootse3
- Treatment
- NP-treated treese3
- Interactor
- endomycorrhizae3symbiont
- Outcome
- endomycorrhizae3
- Direction
- highere3
- Comparator
- normal spring and summer fertilization alonee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Autumn fertilization with nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) for eight years increased yield by 50% in avocado (Persea americana)”
e1“The supplementary NP-treatment was compared with normal spring and summer fertilization alone”
e3“The roots of NP-treated trees had higher levels of calcium (Ca) and endomycorrhiza”
Claim · model-written summary
The P concentration in roots of NP-treated avocado trees was higher than the comparator.
- Taxon
- avocadoPersea americanae0
- Organ / stage
- rootse4
- Treatment
- NP-treated treese4
- Outcome
- concentration of P in rootse4
- Direction
- highere4
- Comparator
- normal spring and summer fertilization alonee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Autumn fertilization with nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) for eight years increased yield by 50% in avocado (Persea americana)”
e1“The supplementary NP-treatment was compared with normal spring and summer fertilization alone”
e4“The concentration of P in roots was higher in NP-treated trees, while no differences were found in the concentration in leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
The P concentration in leaves of NP-treated avocado trees did not differ from the comparator.
- Taxon
- avocadoPersea americanae0
- Organ / stage
- leavese4
- Treatment
- NP-treated treese4
- Outcome
- concentration in leavese4
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede4
- Comparator
- normal spring and summer fertilization alonee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Autumn fertilization with nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) for eight years increased yield by 50% in avocado (Persea americana)”
e1“The supplementary NP-treatment was compared with normal spring and summer fertilization alone”
e4“The concentration of P in roots was higher in NP-treated trees, while no differences were found in the concentration in leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
The P concentration in thin roots (<1-mm-wide) of NP-treated avocado trees was twice as high as the comparator.
- Taxon
- avocadoPersea americanae0
- Organ / stage
- thin roots (<1-mm-wide)e5
- Treatment
- NP-treated treese5
- Outcome
- P concentratione5
- Direction
- twice as highe5
- Value
- twicee5
- Comparator
- normal spring and summer fertilization alonee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Autumn fertilization with nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) for eight years increased yield by 50% in avocado (Persea americana)”
e1“The supplementary NP-treatment was compared with normal spring and summer fertilization alone”
e5“In thin roots (<1-mm-wide) of NP-treated trees, the P concentration was twice as high and there was a change in the quantitative relationship between the cations”
Claim · model-written summary
In thin roots (<1-mm-wide) of avocado, the quantitative relationship between the cations changed under NP treatment.
- Taxon
- avocadoPersea americanae0
- Organ / stage
- thin roots (<1-mm-wide)e5
- Outcome
- quantitative relationship between the cationse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Autumn fertilization with nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) for eight years increased yield by 50% in avocado (Persea americana)”
e5“In thin roots (<1-mm-wide) of NP-treated trees, the P concentration was twice as high and there was a change in the quantitative relationship between the cations”
Claim · model-written summary
NP treatment decreased the concentration of potassium and magnesium in avocado relative to the comparator.
- Taxon
- avocadoPersea americanae0
- Treatment
- NP treatmente6
- Outcome
- concentration of potassium and magnesiume6
- Direction
- decreasede6
- Comparator
- normal spring and summer fertilization alonee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Autumn fertilization with nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) for eight years increased yield by 50% in avocado (Persea americana)”
e1“The supplementary NP-treatment was compared with normal spring and summer fertilization alone”
e6“NP treatment decreased the concentration of potassium and magnesium and increased the concentration of Ca”
Claim · model-written summary
In wider roots of avocado, element concentrations changed with trends similar to those in thin roots.
- Taxon
- avocadoPersea americanae0
- Organ / stage
- wider rootse7
- Outcome
- element concentratione7
- Qualifier
- trends similar to those in thin rootse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Autumn fertilization with nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) for eight years increased yield by 50% in avocado (Persea americana)”
e7“Also, in wider roots, there was a change in element concentration with trends similar to those in thin roots although not always as great as in thin roots. The concentration of microelements in roots was not affected by NP autumn fertilization”
Claim · model-written summary
Autumn NP fertilization did not change the concentration of microelements in avocado roots.
- Taxon
- avocadoPersea americanae0
- Organ / stage
- rootse7
- Treatment
- NP autumn fertilizatione7
- Outcome
- concentration of microelementse7
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede7
- Comparator
- normal spring and summer fertilization alonee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Autumn fertilization with nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) for eight years increased yield by 50% in avocado (Persea americana)”
e1“The supplementary NP-treatment was compared with normal spring and summer fertilization alone”
e7“Also, in wider roots, there was a change in element concentration with trends similar to those in thin roots although not always as great as in thin roots. The concentration of microelements in roots was not affected by NP autumn fertilization”
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See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.