Abstract
[Truncated abstract] In many tidal lowland and coastal areas, direct seeded rice is often exposed to flooding in saline water. Understanding the physiological adaptations of submerged (non-transpiring) rice seedlings in these unfavorable conditions will provide new information on salt tolerance mechanism under submergence. In aerated salinity, submerged rice seeds germinated and tolerated at least 200 mM NaCl. Na+ and Cl- were used by seedlings as osmotica, by maintaining tissue concentrations approximately similar to those in the external medium during the quasi-steady state. With less organic solutes available and decreases of Na+ and Cl- concentrations with time, osmotic pressure in roots was probably maintained by restricted growth (i.e. less volume expansion). At 200 mM NaCl, supplemental Ca2+ at 5 and 10 mM alleviated~24% of the growth inhibition in roots, but had no effects in shoots. The different responses of shoots and roots to the different addition of Ca2+ might be due to the increase of K+/Na+ ratio in roots but not in shoots. In a combination of NaCl and anoxia, intact rice seedlings tolerated at least 100 mM, whereas excised coleoptile tips tolerated only 50 mM NaCl. In this energy starvation, Na+ and Cl- concentrations in shoots of intact seedlings were~30% less than concentrations in shoots of seedlings submerged in aerated solutions. In anoxic intact seedlings, an increase of ethanol production at 50 mM NaCl compared to that in 0.3 mM NaCl indicated that more energy was required for cell maintenance. Despite a 25% shoot growth inhibition, anoxic rice seedlings were able to survive at 100 mM NaCl by maintaining K+/Na+ ratio and also turgor pressure.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Submerged rice seeds germinated and tolerated at least 200 mM NaCl in aerated salinity.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Organ / stage
- seedse0
- Treatment
- aerated salinitye0
- Outcome
- germinated and toleratede0
- Value
- 200 mM NaCle0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In aerated salinity, submerged rice seeds germinated and tolerated at least 200 mM NaCl.”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice seedlings used Na+ and Cl- as osmotica at concentrations approximately similar to the external medium.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Compound
- Na+ and Cl-e0
- Outcome
- tissue concentrationse0
- Qualifier
- quasi-steady statee0
- Comparator
- external mediume0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Na+ and Cl- were used by seedlings as osmotica, by maintaining tissue concentrations approximately similar to those in the external medium during the quasi-steady state.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Restricted root growth probably maintained osmotic pressure as organic solutes and ion concentrations declined.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Outcome
- osmotic pressure in rootse0
- Qualifier
- restricted growthe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With less organic solutes available and decreases of Na+ and Cl- concentrations with time, osmotic pressure in roots was probably maintained by restricted growth (i.e. less volume expansion).”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Supplemental Ca2+ alleviated about 24% of root growth inhibition at 200 mM NaCl.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- supplemental Ca2+ at 5 and 10 mMe0
- Outcome
- growth inhibition in rootse0
- Direction
- alleviatede0
- Value
- ~24%e0
- Qualifier
- 200 mM NaCle0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At 200 mM NaCl, supplemental Ca2+ at 5 and 10 mM alleviated~24% of the growth inhibition in roots, but had no effects in shoots.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Supplemental Ca2+ had no effect in shoots at 200 mM NaCl.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- supplemental Ca2+ at 5 and 10 mMe0
- Outcome
- shootse0
- Direction
- no effectse0
- Qualifier
- 200 mM NaCle0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At 200 mM NaCl, supplemental Ca2+ at 5 and 10 mM alleviated~24% of the growth inhibition in roots, but had no effects in shoots.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The contrasting root and shoot responses to Ca2+ might reflect an increased K+/Na+ ratio only in roots.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- addition of Ca2+e0
- Outcome
- different responses of shoots and rootse0
- Qualifier
- increase of K+/Na+ ratio in roots but not in shootse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The different responses of shoots and roots to the different addition of Ca2+ might be due to the increase of K+/Na+ ratio in roots but not in shoots.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Intact rice seedlings tolerated at least 100 mM NaCl under anoxia.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- intact rice seedlingse0
- Treatment
- NaCl and anoxiae0
- Outcome
- toleratede0
- Value
- 100 mMe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In a combination of NaCl and anoxia, intact rice seedlings tolerated at least 100 mM, whereas excised coleoptile tips tolerated only 50 mM NaCl.”
Claim · model-written summary
Excised rice coleoptile tips tolerated only 50 mM NaCl under anoxia.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- excised coleoptile tipse0
- Treatment
- NaCl and anoxiae0
- Outcome
- toleratede0
- Value
- 50 mM NaCle0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In a combination of NaCl and anoxia, intact rice seedlings tolerated at least 100 mM, whereas excised coleoptile tips tolerated only 50 mM NaCl.”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot Na+ and Cl- concentrations in anoxic intact seedlings were about 30% lower than in aerated submerged seedlings.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- shootse0
- Outcome
- Na+ and Cl- concentrations in shootse0
- Direction
- less thane0
- Value
- ~30%e0
- Comparator
- seedlings submerged in aerated solutionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In this energy starvation, Na+ and Cl- concentrations in shoots of intact seedlings were~30% less than concentrations in shoots of seedlings submerged in aerated solutions.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Anoxic rice seedlings produced more ethanol at 50 mM than at 0.3 mM NaCl.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- intact seedlingse0
- Treatment
- 50 mM NaCle0
- Outcome
- ethanol productione0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Comparator
- 0.3 mM NaCle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In anoxic intact seedlings, an increase of ethanol production at 50 mM NaCl compared to that in 0.3 mM NaCl indicated that more energy was required for cell maintenance.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased ethanol production indicated higher energy demand for cell maintenance.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- more energy was required for cell maintenancee0
- Qualifier
- increase of ethanol productione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In anoxic intact seedlings, an increase of ethanol production at 50 mM NaCl compared to that in 0.3 mM NaCl indicated that more energy was required for cell maintenance.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Anoxic rice seedlings had 25% shoot growth inhibition at 100 mM NaCl.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- shoote0
- Treatment
- 100 mM NaCle0
- Outcome
- shoot growth inhibitione0
- Value
- 25%e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Despite a 25% shoot growth inhibition, anoxic rice seedlings were able to survive at 100 mM NaCl by maintaining K+/Na+ ratio and also turgor pressure.”
Claim · model-written summary
Anoxic rice seedlings survived at 100 mM NaCl while maintaining K+/Na+ ratio and turgor pressure.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- 100 mM NaCle0
- Outcome
- able to survivee0
- Qualifier
- maintaining K+/Na+ ratio and also turgor pressuree0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Despite a 25% shoot growth inhibition, anoxic rice seedlings were able to survive at 100 mM NaCl by maintaining K+/Na+ ratio and also turgor pressure.”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.