Abstract
Two successive field experiments during two seasons of 2008 and 2009, were carried out to evaluate some safety treatments including: mulching, tunnels, natural yeast extract, antioxidant and two rhizobacteria Serratia marcescens and Pseudomonas fluorescens towards root-knot nematode Meloidogyne spp. on strawberry plant grown in naturally infested soil and consequently their probable effects on growth parameters, chemical components and yield of strawberry compared to untreated control. Results of this study confirmed that all used treatments, significantly reduced all related nematode parameters i.e. number of galls/root system; number of egg masses/root system as well as number of juveniles/250 g soil ﴾either after 2 or 4 months﴿ when compared to plants grown in the naturally infested soil only. The highest percentage of reduction in all related nematode parameters were noticed after 4 months. Mulching, S. marcescens, P. fluorescens and tunnels, played an important role in reducing the percentage of nematode parameters. Mulching and S. marcescens reduced the percentage of gall numbers/root system by 77%, followed by tunnels by 75% and P. fluorescens by 70%. S. marcescens reduced the percentage of egg masses/root system by 80% followed by P. fluorescens by 78% and mulching by 76%. Results indicated that the soil treated with mulching, also significantly reduced the percentage of juvenile numbers/250 g soil by 79% followed by S. marcescens by 73%. Results confirmed also that all used treatments significantly increased all related plant growth characters viz. leaves, stems, root fresh and dry weight; plant height, leaves number, root length as well as false stem length. Moreover, these treatments significantly increased the activity of some oxidative enzymes e.g. peroxidase and phenoloxidase as well as some other chemical components i.e. total soluble solids (T.S.S %) and vitamin C (V.C). Results revealed that all previous treatments significantly increased the early and total yield. Our results confirmed that, the rhizobacterium S. marcescens came in the first rank as a promoter of all related plant growth characters, followed by tunnels and mulching treatments. Results confirmed that also the antioxidants, are considered the effective one in enhancing the activities of peroxidase and phenoloxidase as well as T.S.S% and V.C followed by the natural yeast extract
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
All treatments significantly reduced nematode gall, egg mass and juvenile counts versus infested untreated plants.
- Taxon
- strawberry
_single2.jpg?width=60)
Fragaria ×ananassat0 - Treatment
- all used treatmentse0
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne spp.
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=60)
Meloidogynee2pathogen - Outcome
- number of galls/root system; number of egg masses/root system as well as number of juveniles/250 g soile0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- either after 2 or 4 monthse0
- Comparator
- plants grown in the naturally infested soil onlye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_single2.jpg?width=500)
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“all used treatments, significantly reduced all related nematode parameters i.e. number of galls/root system; number of egg masses/root system as well as number of juveniles/250 g soil ﴾either after 2 or 4 months﴿ when compared to plants grown in the naturally infested soil only.”
e2“root-knot nematode Meloidogyne spp. on strawberry plant grown in naturally infested soil”
t0“STRAWBERRY GROWN IN ROOT- KNOT NEMATODE INFESTED SOIL”
Claim · model-written summary
The greatest reduction in nematode parameters occurred after four months.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Outcome
- nematode parameterse0
- Direction
- highest percentage of reductione0
- Qualifier
- after 4 monthse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest percentage of reduction in all related nematode parameters were noticed after 4 months.”
t0“STRAWBERRY”
Claim · model-written summary
Mulching reduced gall numbers by 77%.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- Mulchinge0
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne spp.Meloidogynee2pathogen
- Outcome
- gall numbers/root systeme0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 77%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mulching and S. marcescens reduced the percentage of gall numbers/root system by 77%”
e2“root-knot nematode Meloidogyne spp. on strawberry plant grown in naturally infested soil”
t0“STRAWBERRY”
Claim · model-written summary
S. marcescens reduced gall numbers by 77%.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- S. marcescense0
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne spp.Meloidogynee2pathogen
- Second interactor
- S. marcescens
Serratia marcescense0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- gall numbers/root systeme0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 77%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mulching and S. marcescens reduced the percentage of gall numbers/root system by 77%”
e2“root-knot nematode Meloidogyne spp. on strawberry plant grown in naturally infested soil”
t0“STRAWBERRY”
Claim · model-written summary
Tunnels reduced gall numbers by 75%.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- tunnelse0
- Outcome
- gall numbers/root systeme1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 75%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“followed by tunnels by 75%”
e1“Mulching and S. marcescens reduced the percentage of gall numbers/root system by 77%”
t0“STRAWBERRY”
Claim · model-written summary
P. fluorescens reduced gall numbers by 70%.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- P. fluorescense0
- Interactor
- P. fluorescens
.JPG?width=60)
Pseudomonas fluorescense0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- gall numbers/root systeme1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 70%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.JPG?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“P. fluorescens by 70%”
e1“Mulching and S. marcescens reduced the percentage of gall numbers/root system by 77%”
t0“STRAWBERRY”
Claim · model-written summary
S. marcescens reduced egg masses by 80%.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- S. marcescense0
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne spp.Meloidogynee2pathogen
- Second interactor
- S. marcescensSerratia marcescense0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- egg masses/root systeme0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 80%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“S. marcescens reduced the percentage of egg masses/root system by 80%”
e2“root-knot nematode Meloidogyne spp. on strawberry plant grown in naturally infested soil”
t0“STRAWBERRY”
Claim · model-written summary
P. fluorescens reduced egg masses by 78%.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- P. fluorescense0
- Interactor
- P. fluorescensPseudomonas fluorescense0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- egg masses/root systeme1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 78%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P. fluorescens by 78%”
e1“S. marcescens reduced the percentage of egg masses/root system by 80%”
t0“STRAWBERRY”
Claim · model-written summary
Mulching reduced egg masses by 76%.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- mulchinge0
- Outcome
- egg masses/root systeme1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 76%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mulching by 76%”
e1“S. marcescens reduced the percentage of egg masses/root system by 80%”
t0“STRAWBERRY”
Claim · model-written summary
Mulching reduced juvenile numbers by 79%.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- mulchinge0
- Outcome
- juvenile numbers/250 g soile0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 79%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mulching, also significantly reduced the percentage of juvenile numbers/250 g soil by 79%”
t0“STRAWBERRY”
Claim · model-written summary
S. marcescens reduced juvenile numbers by 73%.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- S. marcescense0
- Outcome
- juvenile numbers/250 g soile1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 73%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“S. marcescens by 73%”
e1“mulching, also significantly reduced the percentage of juvenile numbers/250 g soil by 79%”
t0“STRAWBERRY”
Claim · model-written summary
All treatments significantly increased strawberry growth measures.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- all used treatmentse0
- Outcome
- plant growth characterse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“all used treatments significantly increased all related plant growth characters viz. leaves, stems, root fresh and dry weight; plant height, leaves number, root length as well as false stem length.”
t0“STRAWBERRY”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatments significantly increased peroxidase and phenoloxidase activity.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- these treatmentse0
- Outcome
- activity of some oxidative enzymes e.g. peroxidase and phenoloxidasee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“these treatments significantly increased the activity of some oxidative enzymes e.g. peroxidase and phenoloxidase”
t0“STRAWBERRY”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatments significantly increased total soluble solids and vitamin C.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- these treatmentse1
- Outcome
- total soluble solids (T.S.S %) and vitamin C (V.C)e0
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“some other chemical components i.e. total soluble solids (T.S.S %) and vitamin C (V.C)”
e1“Moreover, these treatments significantly increased the activity of some oxidative enzymes e.g. peroxidase and phenoloxidase as well as some other chemical components i.e. total soluble solids (T.S.S %) and vitamin C (V.C)”
t0“STRAWBERRY”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatments significantly increased early and total yield.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- all previous treatmentse0
- Outcome
- early and total yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“all previous treatments significantly increased the early and total yield.”
t0“STRAWBERRY”
Claim · model-written summary
S. marcescens ranked first for growth promotion.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Interactor
- S. marcescensSerratia marcescense0symbiont
- Outcome
- first rank as a promoter of all related plant growth characterse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the rhizobacterium S. marcescens came in the first rank as a promoter of all related plant growth characters”
t0“STRAWBERRY”
Claim · model-written summary
Antioxidants were most effective for enhancing enzyme activity and chemical components.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- antioxidantse0
- Outcome
- enhancing the activities of peroxidase and phenoloxidase as well as T.S.S% and V.Ce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the antioxidants, are considered the effective one in enhancing the activities of peroxidase and phenoloxidase as well as T.S.S% and V.C”
t0“STRAWBERRY”
The same questions in other papers
mulching · pest · Fragaria x ananassa (strawberry)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.