Evaluation of post-emergence herbicides in rainy season groundnut

Abstract

An experiment was conducted at Oilseeds Research Station, Jalgaon during 2007 to 2009 in order to control groundnut associated weed growing in Kharif season. An experiment was done with seven treatments of pre and post-emergence herbicides comprising weedy cheek and weed free check replicated thrice in randomized block design (RBD) on medium clay loam soils with pH 8.1. The various weeds observed in groundnut field during Kharif season were, Amaranthns viridus, Parthenium hysterophorus, Acalypha indica, Cyperus rotundus, Cynodon dactylon, Phyllanthus niruri, Commelina spp., Eragrostic sp., Celosia argenia and Euphorbia sp. Among the grasses, Cynadon dactylon was predominant and among the sedges Cyperus rotundus was predominant. Among the different herbicides, pre-emergence application of pendimethalin 1.0 kg/ha + post-emergence application of imazethapyr 75 gm/ha at 20 DAS recorded maximum weed control efficiency (74%), minimum weed population (42.67/m2) and weed day matter (185 g/m2). The same treatment combination recorded significantly higher dry pod yield (1997 kg/ha), gross returns (46445/ha) net returns (28705/ha) and B: C ratio 2.44.

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Claims 9

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Cynadon dactylon predominated among grasses in groundnut fields.

Taxon: groundnutArachis hypogaeae1
Interactor: Cynadon dactylone0weed
Outcome: Cynadon dactylon was predominante0

Not reportedDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

*Arachis hypogaea* · Taxon葉子 · CC0 · iNaturalist ↗

Verbatim

e0
“Among the grasses, Cynadon dactylon was predominant”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 631–682 · show in text ↑

e1
“groundnut field”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 403–418 · show in text ↑

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Cyperus rotundus predominated among sedges in groundnut fields.

Taxon: groundnutArachis hypogaeae1
Interactor: Cyperus rotundusCyperus rotunduse0weed
Outcome: Cyperus rotundus was predominante0

Not reportedDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

*Cyperus rotundus* · InteractorNo machine-readable author provided. Rickjpelleg assumed (based on copyright claims). · CC BY 2.5 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0
“among the sedges Cyperus rotundus was predominant”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 687–736 · show in text ↑

e1
“groundnut field”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 403–418 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Pendimethalin plus imazethapyr produced maximum weed control efficiency of 74%.

Taxon: groundnutArachis hypogaeae1
Treatment: pre-emergence application of pendimethalin 1.0 kg/ha + post-emergence application of imazethapyr 75 gm/ha at 20 DASe0
Outcome: weed control efficiencye0
Direction: maximume0
Value: 74%e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“pre-emergence application of pendimethalin 1.0 kg/ha + post-emergence application of imazethapyr 75 gm/ha at 20 DAS recorded maximum weed control efficiency (74%)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 770–932 · show in text ↑

e1
“groundnut field”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 403–418 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The same herbicide combination produced minimum weed population of 42.67/m2.

Taxon: groundnutArachis hypogaeae1
Treatment: pre-emergence application of pendimethalin 1.0 kg/ha + post-emergence application of imazethapyr 75 gm/ha at 20 DASe0
Outcome: weed populatione0
Direction: minimume0
Value: 42.67/m2e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“pre-emergence application of pendimethalin 1.0 kg/ha + post-emergence application of imazethapyr 75 gm/ha at 20 DAS recorded maximum weed control efficiency (74%), minimum weed population (42.67/m2) and weed day matter (185 g/m2)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 770–999 · show in text ↑

e1
“groundnut field”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 403–418 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The same herbicide combination produced weed dry matter of 185 g/m2.

Taxon: groundnutArachis hypogaeae1
Treatment: pre-emergence application of pendimethalin 1.0 kg/ha + post-emergence application of imazethapyr 75 gm/ha at 20 DASe0
Outcome: weed day mattere0
Value: 185 g/m2e0

Not reportedComparatorDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“pre-emergence application of pendimethalin 1.0 kg/ha + post-emergence application of imazethapyr 75 gm/ha at 20 DAS recorded maximum weed control efficiency (74%), minimum weed population (42.67/m2) and weed day matter (185 g/m2)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 770–999 · show in text ↑

e1
“groundnut field”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 403–418 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

The herbicide combination gave significantly higher groundnut dry pod yield of 1997 kg/ha.

Taxon: groundnutArachis hypogaeae2
Treatment: pre-emergence application of pendimethalin 1.0 kg/ha + post-emergence application of imazethapyr 75 gm/ha at 20 DASe1
Outcome: dry pod yielde0
Direction: highere0
Value: 1997 kg/hae0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“The same treatment combination recorded significantly higher dry pod yield (1997 kg/ha), gross returns (46445/ha) net returns (28705/ha) and B: C ratio 2.44”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1001–1157 · show in text ↑

e1
“pre-emergence application of pendimethalin 1.0 kg/ha + post-emergence application of imazethapyr 75 gm/ha at 20 DAS”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 770–885 · show in text ↑

e2
“groundnut field”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 403–418 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

The herbicide combination gave significantly higher gross returns of 46445/ha.

Taxon: groundnutArachis hypogaeae2
Treatment: pre-emergence application of pendimethalin 1.0 kg/ha + post-emergence application of imazethapyr 75 gm/ha at 20 DASe1
Outcome: gross returnse0
Direction: highere0
Value: 46445/hae0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“The same treatment combination recorded significantly higher dry pod yield (1997 kg/ha), gross returns (46445/ha) net returns (28705/ha) and B: C ratio 2.44”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1001–1157 · show in text ↑

e1
“pre-emergence application of pendimethalin 1.0 kg/ha + post-emergence application of imazethapyr 75 gm/ha at 20 DAS”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 770–885 · show in text ↑

e2
“groundnut field”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 403–418 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

The herbicide combination gave significantly higher net returns of 28705/ha.

Taxon: groundnutArachis hypogaeae2
Treatment: pre-emergence application of pendimethalin 1.0 kg/ha + post-emergence application of imazethapyr 75 gm/ha at 20 DASe1
Outcome: net returnse0
Direction: highere0
Value: 28705/hae0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“The same treatment combination recorded significantly higher dry pod yield (1997 kg/ha), gross returns (46445/ha) net returns (28705/ha) and B: C ratio 2.44”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1001–1157 · show in text ↑

e1
“pre-emergence application of pendimethalin 1.0 kg/ha + post-emergence application of imazethapyr 75 gm/ha at 20 DAS”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 770–885 · show in text ↑

e2
“groundnut field”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 403–418 · show in text ↑

Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The herbicide combination gave a benefit-cost ratio of 2.44.

Taxon: groundnutArachis hypogaeae2
Treatment: pre-emergence application of pendimethalin 1.0 kg/ha + post-emergence application of imazethapyr 75 gm/ha at 20 DASe1
Outcome: B: C ratioe0
Value: 2.44e0

Not reportedDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“The same treatment combination recorded significantly higher dry pod yield (1997 kg/ha), gross returns (46445/ha) net returns (28705/ha) and B: C ratio 2.44”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1001–1157 · show in text ↑

e1
“pre-emergence application of pendimethalin 1.0 kg/ha + post-emergence application of imazethapyr 75 gm/ha at 20 DAS”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 770–885 · show in text ↑

e2
“groundnut field”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 403–418 · show in text ↑

pendimethalin · yield · Arachis hypogaea (peanut)Results differ

62 papers: 60 positive, 2 negative or no effect

59 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

negative
Penoxalin decreased pod number.
Effect of Ilerbicides on Weed Growth, Growth and Yield in Groundnut, Bunch Cultivar POL.2. · 1981
Opposite direction
no effect
Pre-emergence pendimethalin followed by post-emergence quizalofop (T4) was on par with two hand weedings (T2) for yield components and growth parameters of groundnut.
Effect of integrated weed management on growth and yield of irrigated groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) · 2024 · compared with two hand weeding treatments on 20 and 40 DAS (T2)
No difference from an alternative
positive
Pendimethalin plus imazethapyr and one hand weeding had maximum net returns of 61,460/ha.
Integration of chemical and cultural methods for weed management in groundnut · 2013
Same direction

58 papers more in this group

See all 62 papers →

Imazethapyr · yield · Arachis hypogaea (peanut)Positive and negative results

46 papers: 41 positive, 5 negative or no effect

40 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative

negative
Imazethapyr with nicosulfuron reduced peanut yield more than nicosulfuron alone.
The Effect of Nicosulfuron Tank-Mixes and Time of Application on Sunrunner Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) · 1995 · compared with nicosulfuron alone
Opposite direction
negative
Among post-emergence herbicides, imazethapyr gave lower net monetary returns.
Economics of groundnut production as influenced by different weed management practices · 2020 · compared with different post-emergence herbicides
Opposite direction
no effect
Imazethapyr systems with listed partner herbicides yielded equivalently to AC 263,222.
Imidazolinone Herbicide Systems for Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) · 1994 · compared with AC 263,222
No difference from an alternative

42 papers more in this group

See all 46 papers →

pendimethalin · weed · Arachis hypogaea (peanut)Positive and negative results

59 papers: 56 positive, 3 negative or no effect

55 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

positive
The herbicide combination gave weed dry weight of 133 g/m2.
Influence of pre and post-emergence herbicides in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) · 2014
Same directionCites this paper
negative
Pre-emergence pendimethalin gave the lowest weed control efficiency (81.6%).
Effect of post-emergence herbicides on yield of Kharif groundnut · 2016
Opposite direction
negative
Pendimethalin produced a weed index of 28.5.
Weed Dynamics and Crop Productivity as Influenced by Weed Management Practices and Fertility Levels in Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) · 2023
Opposite direction

55 papers more in this group

See all 59 papers →

Imazethapyr · weed · Arachis hypogaea (peanut)Results agree

37 papers: 37 positive, 0 negative or no effect

36 papers in the same direction as this paper

positive
Pendimethalin with diclosulam followed by imazethapyr controlled all three weeds at least 80%.
Herbicide Systems for Control of Horse Purslane (Trianthema portulacastrum L.), Smellmelon (Cucumis melo L.), and Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats) in Peanut · 2008
Same direction
positive
Sequential 35 + 35 g ha −1 imazethapyr generally controlled weeds at least as well as a single 70 g ha −1 application.
Efficacy of Imazethapyr in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) as Affected by Time of Application · 1995 · compared with applied once at 70 g ha −1
Same direction
positive
Pre emergence pendimethalin plus imazethapyr produced the lowest weed density and dry matter.
Weed management in groundnut · 2021
Same direction

33 papers more in this group

See all 37 papers →

herbicide · weed · Arachis hypogaea (peanut)Positive and negative results

131 papers: 119 positive, 12 negative or no effect

118 papers in the same direction as this paper · 9 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative

negative
Herbicide-only systems did not achieve the highest returns, yield or weed control.
Economics of Weed Control in Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea) with Herbicides and Cultivations · 1987
Opposite direction
negative
The paraquat plus bentazon standard had lower weed-control level and spectrum than AC 263,222 systems.
Postemergence AC 263,222 Systems for Weed Control in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) · 1996 · compared with AC 263,222 systems
Opposite direction
negative
Paraquat plus bentazon controlled the named weeds less well than imazethapyr mixtures.
Imazethapyr and Paraquat Systems for Weed Management in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) · 1994 · compared with imazethapyr or imazethapyr mixtures
Opposite direction

127 papers more in this group

See all 131 papers →

herbicide · yield · Arachis hypogaea (peanut)Positive and negative results

230 papers: 172 positive, 58 negative or no effect

171 papers in the same direction as this paper · 51 in the opposite direction · 7 reporting no difference from an alternative

negative
The highest herbicide rates reduced yield for most crops.
Cotton, Peanut, and Soybean Response to Sublethal Rates of Dicamba, Glufosinate, and 2,4-D · 2012
Opposite direction
negative
Peanuts kept weed free for 6 weeks after emergence had seed yield reduced by no more than 3% compared with season-long weed-free peanuts.
Bristly Starbur (Acanthospermum hispidum) Interference in Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea) · 1989 · compared with maintained weed free for the entire season
Opposite direction
no effect
No differences in peanut yield were observed between PPI or PRE applications of either ethalfluralin or pendimethalin.
Annual Grass Control with Preplant Incorporated and Preemergence Applications of Ethalfluralin and Pendimethalin in PeanutArachis hypogaea¹ · 2001 · compared with PPI
Opposite direction

226 papers more in this group

See all 230 papers →

transgenic · yield · Arachis hypogaea (peanut)Results agree

4 papers: 4 positive, 0 negative or no effect

3 papers in the same direction as this paper

positive
In 1997-98 groundnut pod yield rose by 39.53% with 50% GM N + 50% FVM N to preceding rice compared with no nitrogen to rice.
Influence of residual fertility of different nitrogen management practices adopted to Kharif rice on the yield attributes and yield of succeeding rabi groundnut · 2004 · compared with no nitrogen to rice
Same direction
positive
Bt on barley flour with CaO nanoparticles gave the highest pod yield, 1993 kg ha-1.
Evaluation of Nano Based Biopesticides against S. litura on Groundnut · 2018
Same direction
positive
Among integrated nutrient management practices, 75% STBFR + GM achieved the highest pooled rice equivalent yield, 11,363 kg/ha.
Mechanized establishment and integrated nutrient management drive productivity, profitability, and energy efficiency in rice–groundnut cropping systems · 2026 · compared with integrated nutrient management practices
Same direction

See all 4 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.

Abstract

Claims 9

The same questions in other papers

pendimethalin · yield · Arachis hypogaea (peanut)Results differ

Imazethapyr · yield · Arachis hypogaea (peanut)Positive and negative results

pendimethalin · weed · Arachis hypogaea (peanut)Positive and negative results

Imazethapyr · weed · Arachis hypogaea (peanut)Results agree

herbicide · weed · Arachis hypogaea (peanut)Positive and negative results

herbicide · yield · Arachis hypogaea (peanut)Positive and negative results

transgenic · yield · Arachis hypogaea (peanut)Results agree