Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the behaviour of strobilurin and carbocyamides commonly used in chemical protection of lettuce depending on carefully selected effective microorganisms (EM) and yeast (Y). Additionally, the assessment of the chronic health risk during a 2-week experiment was performed. The statistical method for correlation of physico-chemical parameters and time of degradation for pesticides was applied. In this study, the concentration of azoxystrobin, boscalid, pyraclostrobin and iprodione using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in the matrix of lettuce plants was performed, and there was no case of concentration above maximum residues levels. Before harvest, four fungicides and their mixture with EM (1 % and 10 %) and/or yeast 5 % were applied. In our work, the mixtures of 1%EM + Y and 10%EM + Y both stimulated and inhibited the degradation of the tested active substances. Adding 10%EM to the test substances strongly inhibited the degradation of iprodione, and its concentration decreased by 30 %, and in the case of other test substances, the degradation was approximately 60 %. Moreover, the addition of yeast stimulated the distribution of pyraclostrobin and boscalid in lettuce leaves. The risk assessment for the pesticides ranged from 0.4 to 64.8 % on day 1, but after 14 days, it ranged from 0.0 to 20.9 % for children and adults, respectively. It indicated no risk of adverse effects following exposure to individual pesticides and their mixtures with EM and yeast.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
None of the measured fungicides in lettuce exceeded maximum residue levels.
- Taxon
- lettuce
Lactuca sativae0 - Organ / stage
- lettuce plantse0
- Outcome
- no case of concentration above maximum residues levelse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the concentration of azoxystrobin, boscalid, pyraclostrobin and iprodione using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in the matrix of lettuce plants was performed, and there was no case of concentration above maximum residues levels.”
Claim · model-written summary
The 1% EM plus yeast mixture both stimulated and inhibited degradation of the tested substances in lettuce.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae1
- Treatment
- 1%EM + Ye0
- Outcome
- degradation of the tested active substancese0
- Direction
- stimulated and inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the mixtures of 1%EM + Y and 10%EM + Y both stimulated and inhibited the degradation of the tested active substances.”
e1“lettuce plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The 10% EM plus yeast mixture both stimulated and inhibited degradation of the tested substances in lettuce.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae1
- Treatment
- 10%EM + Ye0
- Outcome
- degradation of the tested active substancese0
- Direction
- stimulated and inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the mixtures of 1%EM + Y and 10%EM + Y both stimulated and inhibited the degradation of the tested active substances.”
e1“lettuce plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding 10% EM strongly inhibited iprodione degradation in lettuce, with its concentration decreasing by 30%.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae1
- Treatment
- 10%EMe0
- Outcome
- degradation of iprodionee0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Value
- 30 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Adding 10%EM to the test substances strongly inhibited the degradation of iprodione, and its concentration decreased by 30 %”
e1“lettuce plants”
Claim · model-written summary
With 10% EM, degradation of the other test substances was approximately 60% in lettuce.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae2
- Treatment
- 10%EMe1
- Outcome
- degradatione0
- Value
- approximately 60 %e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the case of other test substances, the degradation was approximately 60 %.”
e1“Adding 10%EM to the test substances”
e2“lettuce plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Yeast stimulated pyraclostrobin distribution in lettuce leaves.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- yeaste0
- Outcome
- distribution of pyraclostrobine0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the addition of yeast stimulated the distribution of pyraclostrobin and boscalid in lettuce leaves.”
Claim · model-written summary
Yeast stimulated boscalid distribution in lettuce leaves.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- yeaste0
- Outcome
- distribution of pyraclostrobin and boscalide0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the addition of yeast stimulated the distribution of pyraclostrobin and boscalid in lettuce leaves.”
Claim · model-written summary
The pesticide risk assessment for lettuce ranged from 0.4 to 64.8% on day 1.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae1
- Outcome
- risk assessment for the pesticidese0
- Value
- 0.4 to 64.8 %e0
- Qualifier
- on day 1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The risk assessment for the pesticides ranged from 0.4 to 64.8 % on day 1”
e1“lettuce plants”
Claim · model-written summary
After 14 days, the pesticide risk assessment for lettuce ranged from 0.0 to 20.9% for children and adults.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae2
- Outcome
- risk assessment for the pesticidese1
- Value
- 0.0 to 20.9 %e0
- Qualifier
- after 14 dayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“after 14 days, it ranged from 0.0 to 20.9 % for children and adults, respectively.”
e1“The risk assessment for the pesticides”
e2“lettuce plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors concluded that exposure to the lettuce pesticide treatments posed no risk of adverse effects.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae1
- Outcome
- no risk of adverse effectse0
- Qualifier
- individual pesticides and their mixtures with EM and yeaste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It indicated no risk of adverse effects following exposure to individual pesticides and their mixtures with EM and yeast.”
e1“lettuce plants”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · molecular: metabolites · Lactuca sativa (garden lettuce)Positive and negative results
16 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
13 papers more in this group
See all 17 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.