Abstract
Inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense has promisingly increased plant yield and nutrient acquisition. The study aimed to estimate the dose of A. brasilense that increases yield, gas exchange, nutrition, and foliar nitrate reduction. The research was carried out in a greenhouse at Ilha Solteira, in a hydroponic system in randomized blocks with four replicates. The treatments consisted of doses of inoculation with A. brasilense strains AbV5 and AbV6 via nutrient solution (0, 8, 16, 32, and 64 mL 100 L−1). Inoculation with A. brasilense at calculated doses between 20 and 44 mL provided the highest fresh and dry mass of shoots and roots, number of leaves, and leaf yield. In addition, the calculated doses of inoculation with A. brasilense increased the accumulation of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Fe, Mn, and Zn in shoots and roots, except the accumulation of Ca in roots. It also increased cell membrane integrity index (15%), relative water content (13%), net photosynthesis rate (85%), intracellular CO2 concentration (15%), total chlorophyll (46%), stomatal conductance (56%), transpiration (15%), and water use efficiency (59%). Hence, inoculation with A. brasilense at doses between 20 and 44 mL 100 L−1 is considered the best approach for increasing the growth, yield, accumulation of nutrients, and gas exchange of hydroponically grown iceberg lettuce.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation at 20 to 44 mL maximized shoot and root fresh and dry mass, leaf number, and leaf yield.
- Taxon
- Lettuce
Lactuca sativat0 - Treatment
- Inoculation with A. brasilense at calculated doses between 20 and 44 mLe1
- Interactor
- A. brasilense
Azospirillum brasilensee1symbiont - Outcome
- fresh and dry mass of shoots and roots, number of leaves, and leaf yielde1
- Direction
- higheste1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Hydroponic Lettuce”
e1“Inoculation with A. brasilense at calculated doses between 20 and 44 mL provided the highest fresh and dry mass of shoots and roots, number of leaves, and leaf yield.”
e2“A. brasilense strains AbV5 and AbV6 via nutrient solution (0, 8, 16, 32, and 64 mL 100 L−1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation increased shoot and root accumulation of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Fe, Mn, and Zn, except root Ca.
- Taxon
- LettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- inoculation with A. brasilensee0
- Interactor
- A. brasilenseAzospirillum brasilensee0symbiont
- Outcome
- accumulation of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Fe, Mn, and Zn in shoots and rootse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- except the accumulation of Ca in rootse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Hydroponic Lettuce”
e0“the calculated doses of inoculation with A. brasilense increased the accumulation of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Fe, Mn, and Zn in shoots and roots, except the accumulation of Ca in roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation increased cell membrane integrity index by 15%.
- Taxon
- LettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- inoculation with A. brasilensee1
- Interactor
- A. brasilenseAzospirillum brasilensee1symbiont
- Outcome
- cell membrane integrity indexe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 15%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Hydroponic Lettuce”
e0“It also increased cell membrane integrity index (15%)”
e1“calculated doses of inoculation with A. brasilense increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation increased relative water content by 13%.
- Taxon
- LettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- inoculation with A. brasilensee1
- Interactor
- A. brasilenseAzospirillum brasilensee1symbiont
- Outcome
- relative water contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 13%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Hydroponic Lettuce”
e0“It also increased cell membrane integrity index (15%), relative water content (13%)”
e1“calculated doses of inoculation with A. brasilense increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation increased net photosynthesis rate by 85%.
- Taxon
- LettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- inoculation with A. brasilensee2
- Interactor
- A. brasilenseAzospirillum brasilensee2symbiont
- Outcome
- net photosynthesis ratee0
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 85%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Hydroponic Lettuce”
e0“net photosynthesis rate (85%)”
e1“It also increased cell membrane integrity index (15%)”
e2“calculated doses of inoculation with A. brasilense increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation increased intracellular CO2 concentration by 15%.
- Taxon
- LettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- inoculation with A. brasilensee2
- Interactor
- A. brasilenseAzospirillum brasilensee2symbiont
- Outcome
- intracellular CO2 concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 15%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Hydroponic Lettuce”
e0“intracellular CO2 concentration (15%)”
e1“It also increased cell membrane integrity index (15%)”
e2“calculated doses of inoculation with A. brasilense increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation increased total chlorophyll by 46%.
- Taxon
- LettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- inoculation with A. brasilensee2
- Interactor
- A. brasilenseAzospirillum brasilensee2symbiont
- Outcome
- total chlorophylle0
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 46%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Hydroponic Lettuce”
e0“total chlorophyll (46%)”
e1“It also increased cell membrane integrity index (15%)”
e2“calculated doses of inoculation with A. brasilense increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation increased stomatal conductance by 56%.
- Taxon
- LettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- inoculation with A. brasilensee2
- Interactor
- A. brasilenseAzospirillum brasilensee2symbiont
- Outcome
- stomatal conductancee0
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 56%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Hydroponic Lettuce”
e0“stomatal conductance (56%)”
e1“It also increased cell membrane integrity index (15%)”
e2“calculated doses of inoculation with A. brasilense increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation increased transpiration by 15%.
- Taxon
- LettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- inoculation with A. brasilensee2
- Interactor
- A. brasilenseAzospirillum brasilensee2symbiont
- Outcome
- transpiratione0
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 15%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Hydroponic Lettuce”
e0“transpiration (15%)”
e1“It also increased cell membrane integrity index (15%)”
e2“calculated doses of inoculation with A. brasilense increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation increased water use efficiency by 59%.
- Taxon
- LettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- inoculation with A. brasilensee2
- Interactor
- A. brasilenseAzospirillum brasilensee2symbiont
- Outcome
- water use efficiencye0
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 59%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Hydroponic Lettuce”
e0“water use efficiency (59%)”
e1“It also increased cell membrane integrity index (15%)”
e2“calculated doses of inoculation with A. brasilense increased”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend 20 to 44 mL per 100 L Azospirillum inoculation for hydroponic iceberg lettuce.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- inoculation with A. brasilense at doses between 20 and 44 mL 100 L−1e0
- Interactor
- A. brasilenseAzospirillum brasilensee0symbiont
- Outcome
- best approach for increasing the growth, yield, accumulation of nutrients, and gas exchangee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Hydroponic Lettuce”
e0“inoculation with A. brasilense at doses between 20 and 44 mL 100 L−1 is considered the best approach for increasing the growth, yield, accumulation of nutrients, and gas exchange of hydroponically grown iceberg lettuce”
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See all 20 papers →8 of 11 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.