Abstract
Garlic is the second most widely used cultivated Allium after onion and has long been recognized all over the world as valuable spice for foods and a popular remedy for various ailments and physiological disorders. Indiscriminate use of synthetic fertilizers imparts reduced nutritive value and sensory parameters, whereas integration of organic amendments and microbial inoculants reduces the NPK doses and improves the soil health and plant nutrient availability resulting in higher crop yields besides being environmentally safe. On farm trials were conducted during rabi seasons of 2009 and 2010 to study the effect of biofertilizers (Azotobacter and PSB) in combination with four levels of NPK fertilizers (0, 50, 75 & 100% NPK) on growth and yield of garlic cv. ‘GHC-1’ in Kullu district of Himachal Pradesh. The application of bio-fertilizers either alone or in combination resulted in significant improvement in plant height, number of cloves/bulb, mean bulb weight and bulb yield and benefit cost ratio. The increased bulb yield was to the tune of 20.44%, 15.67% and 10.43% with the combination of bio-fertilizers (Azotobacter + PSB), PSB and Azotobacter, respectively over un-inoculated control. The application of NPK fertilizers significantly increased all the growth and yield parameters along with bulb yield with each incremental level of NPK. The interaction effects showed that bulb yield and benefit cost ratio increased in a linear manner with the application of bio-inoculants integrated with increasing levels of NPK fertilizers. The highest yield (188 q/ha) was recorded when the plots were supplemented with 100% NPK + clove treatment of both the inoculants. Furthermore, it was observed that the garlic yield (187 q/ha) obtained with the application of 75% NPK +Azotobacter +PSB was at par with that of recommended NPK (100%), thus resulting in net saving of 25% NPK fertilizers with maximum benefit cost ratio (4.05).
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Biofertilizers significantly improved garlic height, cloves per bulb, bulb weight, bulb yield and benefit cost ratio.
- Taxon
- garlic
Allium sativumt0 - Treatment
- bio-fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- plant height, number of cloves/bulb, mean bulb weight and bulb yield and benefit cost ratioe0
- Direction
- improvemente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of bio-fertilizers either alone or in combination resulted in significant improvement in plant height, number of cloves/bulb, mean bulb weight and bulb yield and benefit cost ratio.”
t0“garlic”
Claim · model-written summary
Azotobacter plus PSB increased bulb yield by 20.44% relative to uninoculated controls.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativumt0
- Treatment
- Azotobacter + PSBe0
- Interactor
- Azotobacter
Azotobactere0symbiont - Second interactor
- PSBe0symbiont
- Outcome
- bulb yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 20.44%e0
- Comparator
- un-inoculated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The increased bulb yield was to the tune of 20.44%, 15.67% and 10.43% with the combination of bio-fertilizers (Azotobacter + PSB), PSB and Azotobacter, respectively over un-inoculated control.”
t0“garlic”
Claim · model-written summary
PSB increased bulb yield by 15.67%.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativumt0
- Treatment
- PSBe0
- Interactor
- PSBe0symbiont
- Outcome
- bulb yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 15.67%e0
- Comparator
- un-inoculated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The increased bulb yield was to the tune of 20.44%, 15.67% and 10.43% with the combination of bio-fertilizers (Azotobacter + PSB), PSB and Azotobacter, respectively over un-inoculated control.”
t0“garlic”
Claim · model-written summary
Azotobacter increased bulb yield by 10.43%.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativumt0
- Treatment
- Azotobactere0
- Interactor
- AzotobacterAzotobactere0symbiont
- Outcome
- bulb yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 10.43%e0
- Comparator
- un-inoculated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The increased bulb yield was to the tune of 20.44%, 15.67% and 10.43% with the combination of bio-fertilizers (Azotobacter + PSB), PSB and Azotobacter, respectively over un-inoculated control.”
t0“garlic”
Claim · model-written summary
Each higher NPK level significantly increased growth and yield parameters.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativumt0
- Treatment
- NPK fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- growth and yield parameters along with bulb yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- each incremental level of NPKe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of NPK fertilizers significantly increased all the growth and yield parameters along with bulb yield with each incremental level of NPK.”
t0“garlic”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined inoculants and increasing NPK produced a linear increase in bulb yield and benefit cost ratio.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativumt0
- Treatment
- bio-inoculants integrated with increasing levels of NPK fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- bulb yield and benefit cost ratioe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The interaction effects showed that bulb yield and benefit cost ratio increased in a linear manner with the application of bio-inoculants integrated with increasing levels of NPK fertilizers.”
t0“garlic”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest yield was 188 q/ha with 100% NPK and both inoculants.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativumt0
- Treatment
- 100% NPK + clove treatment of both the inoculantse0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 188 q/hae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest yield (188 q/ha) was recorded when the plots were supplemented with 100% NPK + clove treatment of both the inoculants.”
t0“garlic”
Claim · model-written summary
75% NPK with both inoculants gave 187 q/ha, comparable to 100% NPK.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativume0
- Treatment
- 75% NPK +Azotobacter +PSBe0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- at pare0
- Value
- 187 q/hae0
- Comparator
- recommended NPK (100%)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the garlic yield (187 q/ha) obtained with the application of 75% NPK +Azotobacter +PSB was at par with that of recommended NPK (100%)”
t0“garlic”
Claim · model-written summary
The 75% NPK inoculant combination saved 25% NPK and maximized benefit cost ratio at 4.05.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativumt0
- Outcome
- net saving of 25% NPK fertilizers with maximum benefit cost ratioe0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 4.05e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“thus resulting in net saving of 25% NPK fertilizers with maximum benefit cost ratio (4.05).”
t0“garlic”
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See all 30 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.