Abstract
The effects of different levels of kinetin (KT) application on the growth, biomass, contents of chlorophyll (Chl a, Chl b, and carotenoid), arsenic uptake, and activities of antioxidant enzymes in maize seedlings under arsenic (As) stress were investigated by a hydroponic experiment. The results showed that KT supplementation increased the biomass in terms of root length, root number, fresh weight, and seedling length, and KT treatments also improved the contents of Chl a, As uptake, and Chl a : b ratio compared to cases with As treatment alone. However, no significant changes were observed in carotenoid content, and a reduction was found in Chl b content of seedlings. KT also increased the activities of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the leaves of maize seedlings when 0.1 mg/L KT and As were applied, which decreased the content of malondialdehyde (MDA). These results suggested that KT could alleviate the toxicity of As to maize seedlings by keeping the stability of chlorophyll, enhancing the activities of antioxidant enzymes, and inhibiting the lipid peroxidation. In conclusion, the alleviation effect of KT in maize seedlings exposed to As stress was clearly observed in the present study.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Kinetin supplementation increased root length, root number and fresh weight of maize seedlings under arsenic stress.
- Treatment
- KT supplementatione0
- Outcome
- root length, root number, fresh weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Setting
- hydroponic experimente1
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“KT supplementation increased the biomass in terms of root length, root number, fresh weight, and seedling length”
e1“in maize seedlings under arsenic (As) stress were investigated by a hydroponic experiment”
Claim · model-written summary
Kinetin supplementation increased seedling length of maize seedlings under arsenic stress.
- Treatment
- KT supplementatione0
- Outcome
- seedling lengthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Setting
- hydroponic experimente1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“KT supplementation increased the biomass in terms of root length, root number, fresh weight, and seedling length”
e1“in maize seedlings under arsenic (As) stress were investigated by a hydroponic experiment”
Claim · model-written summary
KT treatments improved chlorophyll a content compared with arsenic treatment alone.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“in maize seedlings under arsenic (As) stress were investigated by a hydroponic experiment”
e2“KT treatments also improved the contents of Chl a, As uptake, and Chl a : b ratio compared to cases with As treatment alone”
Claim · model-written summary
KT treatments improved arsenic uptake compared with arsenic treatment alone.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“in maize seedlings under arsenic (As) stress were investigated by a hydroponic experiment”
e2“KT treatments also improved the contents of Chl a, As uptake, and Chl a : b ratio compared to cases with As treatment alone”
Claim · model-written summary
KT treatments improved the chlorophyll a to b ratio compared with arsenic treatment alone.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“in maize seedlings under arsenic (As) stress were investigated by a hydroponic experiment”
e2“KT treatments also improved the contents of Chl a, As uptake, and Chl a : b ratio compared to cases with As treatment alone”
Claim · model-written summary
Kinetin treatment did not significantly change carotenoid content of maize seedlings under arsenic stress.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“in maize seedlings under arsenic (As) stress were investigated by a hydroponic experiment”
e2“KT treatments also improved the contents of Chl a, As uptake, and Chl a : b ratio compared to cases with As treatment alone”
e3“However, no significant changes were observed in carotenoid content, and a reduction was found in Chl b content of seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Kinetin treatment reduced chlorophyll b content of maize seedlings under arsenic stress.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“in maize seedlings under arsenic (As) stress were investigated by a hydroponic experiment”
e2“KT treatments also improved the contents of Chl a, As uptake, and Chl a : b ratio compared to cases with As treatment alone”
e3“However, no significant changes were observed in carotenoid content, and a reduction was found in Chl b content of seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
KT with arsenic increased the activities of catalase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in maize leaves.
- Organ / stage
- leavese4
- Treatment
- 0.1 mg/L KT and Ase4
- Outcome
- activities of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD)e4
- Direction
- increasede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“KT also increased the activities of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the leaves of maize seedlings when 0.1 mg/L KT and As were applied, which decreased the content of malondialdehyde (MDA)”
Claim · model-written summary
KT with arsenic decreased malondialdehyde content in maize seedlings.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“KT also increased the activities of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the leaves of maize seedlings when 0.1 mg/L KT and As were applied, which decreased the content of malondialdehyde (MDA)”
Claim · model-written summary
KT is suggested to alleviate arsenic toxicity to maize seedlings by stabilising chlorophyll, enhancing antioxidant enzyme activities and inhibiting lipid peroxidation.
- Treatment
- KTe5
- Outcome
- toxicity of Ase5
- Qualifier
- by keeping the stability of chlorophyll, enhancing the activities of antioxidant enzymes, and inhibiting the lipid peroxidatione5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“KT could alleviate the toxicity of As to maize seedlings by keeping the stability of chlorophyll, enhancing the activities of antioxidant enzymes, and inhibiting the lipid peroxidation”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.