Abstract
Pear (Pyrus communis) is the first fruit growing in Belgium and the variety Conference represents 90% of the pear production. Our research project aims to better highlight the Conference pear tree reproduction on three complementary aspects: 1) S-alleles identification for the main Belgian varieties; 2) pollination by insects; 3) parthenocarpy induced by phytohormones. As a self-incompatible species, pear tree requires inter-variety cross-pollination to develop fertilized fruits. However, blooming occurs early in the spring and climatically unfavorable conditions (frost, low temperatures, rain, etc) could prevent the pollination by insects. In this case, parthenocarpy induction by spraying phytohormones, mainly gibberellins, is a common practice in Conference orchards. However, data are still needed to determine the most efficient phytohormones, the moment of their application and the required amounts to apply. In addition to investigate the attractiveness of Conference trees for insects and insect efficiency, our research focuses on parthenocarpy processes. Field trials were realized during 3 years to compare fruits resulting from 1) spontaneous intrinsic parthenocarpy with emasculated flowers, 2) induced intrinsic parthenocarpy with flowers pollinated with intra-variety incompatible pollen, 3) induced extrinsic parthenocarpy with phytohormones (gibberellins, cytokinins or auxins) at different doses and different time of application during the flowering period, 4) hand compatible inter-variety pollination, 5) open pollination by insects. We observed that spontaneous intrinsic parthenocarpy due to endogenous phytohormones occurred in Conference. However, pollen deposit (even if incompatible) increased the number of fruits initiated by 10 to 40% depending on the climatic conditions. Trees treated with gibberellins and/or cytokinins produced fruits up to 10 percent larger than trees treated with auxins. According to the year, parthenocarpic fruits remained, nevertheless, up to 12 percent smaller than fertilized ones. Our results also suggest that endogenous gibberellins do not act alone to induce parthenocarpy since gibberellin inhibitor treatments did not completely prevent parthenocarpic fruit initiation.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Spontaneous intrinsic parthenocarpy, attributed to endogenous phytohormones, occurred in the pear variety Conference.
- Taxon
- Pyrus communis
_Poirier_Fleurs_et_feuilles.jpg?width=60)
Pyrus communist0 - Material
- Conferencee1
- Outcome
- spontaneous intrinsic parthenocarpye1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Poirier_Fleurs_et_feuilles.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e1“spontaneous intrinsic parthenocarpy due to endogenous phytohormones occurred in Conference”
t0“Pyrus communis”
Claim · model-written summary
Pollen deposit, even incompatible pollen, increased the number of fruits initiated by 10 to 40% depending on climatic conditions in pear.
- Taxon
- Pyrus communisPyrus communist0
- Treatment
- pollen deposit (even if incompatible)e1
- Outcome
- number of fruits initiatede1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 10 to 40%e1
- Qualifier
- depending on the climatic conditionse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“pollen deposit (even if incompatible) increased the number of fruits initiated by 10 to 40% depending on the climatic conditions”
t0“Pyrus communis”
Claim · model-written summary
Pear trees treated with gibberellins and/or cytokinins produced fruits up to 10 percent larger than trees treated with auxins.
- Taxon
- Pyrus communisPyrus communist0
- Treatment
- gibberellins and/or cytokininse1
- Outcome
- fruitse1
- Direction
- largere1
- Value
- up to 10 percente1
- Comparator
- trees treated with auxinse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Trees treated with gibberellins and/or cytokinins produced fruits up to 10 percent larger than trees treated with auxins”
t0“Pyrus communis”
Claim · model-written summary
Parthenocarpic pear fruits remained up to 12 percent smaller than fertilized fruits, depending on the year.
- Taxon
- Pyrus communisPyrus communist0
- Outcome
- parthenocarpic fruitse1
- Direction
- smallere1
- Value
- up to 12 percente1
- Comparator
- fertilized onese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“parthenocarpic fruits remained, nevertheless, up to 12 percent smaller than fertilized ones”
t0“Pyrus communis”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest endogenous gibberellins do not act alone to induce parthenocarpy in pear, since gibberellin inhibitor treatments did not completely prevent parthenocarpic fruit initiation.
- Taxon
- Pyrus communisPyrus communist0
- Treatment
- gibberellin inhibitor treatmentse1
- Compound
- endogenous gibberellinse1
- Outcome
- parthenocarpic fruit initiatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“endogenous gibberellins do not act alone to induce parthenocarpy since gibberellin inhibitor treatments did not completely prevent parthenocarpic fruit initiation”
t0“Pyrus communis”
The same questions in other papers
class · yield · Pyrus communis (pear)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.