Abstract
A field experiment was conducted during 2003-04 and 2004-05 at Umiam, Meghalaya to identify a suitable eco- nomically viable and feasible nutrient management practice for rice (Oryza sativa L.) - toria (Brassica campestris L.) cropping system. Application of farmyard manure (FYM) 2.5 tlha + Eupatorium 2.5 tlha, being on a par with Eu- patorium 5 tlha, improved significantly the grain, straw and NPK uptake by rice, registering 11.5, 13.4 and 9.7% in- crease in grain yield over FYM 5 tlha, Alnus 5 tlha and FYM 2.5 tlha + Alnus 2.5 tlha respectively. Manuring of rice with FYM 2.5 tlha + Eupatorium 2.5 tlha also significantly improved the mean rice-equivalent yield (REY) of the system (10.6-1 1.7%) compared with Alnus 5 Vha and FYM 2.5 tlha + Alnus 2.5 tlha respectively, giving the highest net returns (Rs 12.62 x 103/ha) and benefit : cost ratio (1.93). However, significantly higher mean grain yield of rice (3.52 tlha), system productivity (4.64 t REYIha) and highest monetary returns were achieved with 100% recom- mended dose of fertilizer (RDF) to rice + 50% RDF to toria among the inorganic fertilizer treatments. The rice - toria cropping system also removed the maximum N (99.7 kglha), P (19.9 kglha) and K (100.9 kg /ha) when ap- plied with 100% RDF to rice + 50% RDF to toria along with 5 t organic manure to rice. Thus the application of FYM 2.5 tlha + Eupatorium 2.5 tlha with 100% RDF to rice + 50% RDF to toria was found beneficial in terms of REY and economics of rice-toria cropping system in mid-hills dry terraces.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
FYM plus Eupatorium significantly improved rice grain, straw and NPK uptake.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- farmyard manure (FYM) 2.5 tlha + Eupatorium 2.5 tlhae0
- Outcome
- grain, straw and NPK uptakee0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- Eu- patorium 5 tlhae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of farmyard manure (FYM) 2.5 tlha + Eupatorium 2.5 tlha, being on a par with Eu- patorium 5 tlha, improved significantly the grain, straw and NPK uptake by rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The treatment increased rice grain yield 11.5% relative to FYM 5 tlha.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Treatment
- farmyard manure (FYM) 2.5 tlha + Eupatorium 2.5 tlhae1
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- in- creasee0
- Value
- 11.5e0
- Comparator
- FYM 5 tlhae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“registering 11.5, 13.4 and 9.7% in- crease in grain yield over FYM 5 tlha, Alnus 5 tlha and FYM 2.5 tlha + Alnus 2.5 tlha respectively”
e1“Application of farmyard manure (FYM) 2.5 tlha + Eupatorium 2.5 tlha”
e2“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The treatment increased rice grain yield 13.4% relative to Alnus 5 tlha.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Treatment
- farmyard manure (FYM) 2.5 tlha + Eupatorium 2.5 tlhae1
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- in- creasee0
- Value
- 13.4e0
- Comparator
- Alnus 5 tlhae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“registering 11.5, 13.4 and 9.7% in- crease in grain yield over FYM 5 tlha, Alnus 5 tlha and FYM 2.5 tlha + Alnus 2.5 tlha respectively”
e1“Application of farmyard manure (FYM) 2.5 tlha + Eupatorium 2.5 tlha”
e2“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The treatment increased rice grain yield 9.7% relative to FYM plus Alnus.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae2
- Treatment
- farmyard manure (FYM) 2.5 tlha + Eupatorium 2.5 tlhae1
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- in- creasee0
- Value
- 9.7%e0
- Comparator
- FYM 2.5 tlha + Alnus 2.5 tlhae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“registering 11.5, 13.4 and 9.7% in- crease in grain yield over FYM 5 tlha, Alnus 5 tlha and FYM 2.5 tlha + Alnus 2.5 tlha respectively”
e1“Application of farmyard manure (FYM) 2.5 tlha + Eupatorium 2.5 tlha”
e2“rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
FYM plus Eupatorium improved system rice-equivalent yield by 10.6–11.7% versus Alnus treatments.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- FYM 2.5 tlha + Eupatorium 2.5 tlhae0
- Outcome
- mean rice-equivalent yield (REY)e0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 10.6-1 1.7%e0
- Comparator
- Alnus 5 Vha and FYM 2.5 tlha + Alnus 2.5 tlhae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Manuring of rice with FYM 2.5 tlha + Eupatorium 2.5 tlha also significantly improved the mean rice-equivalent yield (REY) of the system (10.6-1 1.7%) compared with Alnus 5 Vha and FYM 2.5 tlha + Alnus 2.5 tlha respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
FYM plus Eupatorium produced the highest net returns of Rs 12.62 x 103/ha.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- FYM 2.5 tlha + Eupatorium 2.5 tlhae1
- Outcome
- net returnse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- Rs 12.62 x 103/hae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“giving the highest net returns (Rs 12.62 x 103/ha) and benefit : cost ratio (1.93)”
e1“Manuring of rice with FYM 2.5 tlha + Eupatorium 2.5 tlha”
Claim · model-written summary
FYM plus Eupatorium produced a benefit-cost ratio of 1.93.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- FYM 2.5 tlha + Eupatorium 2.5 tlhae1
- Outcome
- benefit : cost ratioe0
- Value
- 1.93e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“giving the highest net returns (Rs 12.62 x 103/ha) and benefit : cost ratio (1.93)”
e1“Manuring of rice with FYM 2.5 tlha + Eupatorium 2.5 tlha”
Claim · model-written summary
Full fertilizer to rice plus half fertilizer to toria gave rice grain yield of 3.52 tlha.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- 100% recom- mended dose of fertilizer (RDF) to rice + 50% RDF to toriae0
- Outcome
- mean grain yield of ricee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 3.52 tlhae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significantly higher mean grain yield of rice (3.52 tlha), system productivity (4.64 t REYIha) and highest monetary returns were achieved with 100% recom- mended dose of fertilizer (RDF) to rice + 50% RDF to toria among the inorganic fertilizer treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Full fertilizer to rice plus half to toria gave system productivity of 4.64 t REYIha.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- 100% recom- mended dose of fertilizer (RDF) to rice + 50% RDF to toriae0
- Outcome
- system productivitye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 4.64 t REYIhae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significantly higher mean grain yield of rice (3.52 tlha), system productivity (4.64 t REYIha) and highest monetary returns were achieved with 100% recom- mended dose of fertilizer (RDF) to rice + 50% RDF to toria among the inorganic fertilizer treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Full fertilizer to rice plus half to toria gave the highest monetary returns among inorganic treatments.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- 100% recom- mended dose of fertilizer (RDF) to rice + 50% RDF to toriae0
- Outcome
- monetary returnse0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“highest monetary returns were achieved with 100% recom- mended dose of fertilizer (RDF) to rice + 50% RDF to toria among the inorganic fertilizer treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined organic and fertilizer regime removed 99.7 kglha N from the rice–toria system.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- 100% RDF to rice + 50% RDF to toria along with 5 t organic manure to ricee0
- Outcome
- Ne0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 99.7 kglhae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The rice - toria cropping system also removed the maximum N (99.7 kglha), P (19.9 kglha) and K (100.9 kg /ha) when ap- plied with 100% RDF to rice + 50% RDF to toria along with 5 t organic manure to rice.”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined regime removed 19.9 kglha P from the rice–toria system.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- 100% RDF to rice + 50% RDF to toria along with 5 t organic manure to ricee0
- Outcome
- Pe0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 19.9 kglhae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The rice - toria cropping system also removed the maximum N (99.7 kglha), P (19.9 kglha) and K (100.9 kg /ha) when ap- plied with 100% RDF to rice + 50% RDF to toria along with 5 t organic manure to rice.”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined regime removed 100.9 kg /ha K from the rice–toria system.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- 100% RDF to rice + 50% RDF to toria along with 5 t organic manure to ricee0
- Outcome
- Ke0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 100.9 kg /hae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The rice - toria cropping system also removed the maximum N (99.7 kglha), P (19.9 kglha) and K (100.9 kg /ha) when ap- plied with 100% RDF to rice + 50% RDF to toria along with 5 t organic manure to rice.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors found FYM plus Eupatorium with full rice and half toria fertilizer beneficial for yield and economics.
Verbatim
e0“Thus the application of FYM 2.5 tlha + Eupatorium 2.5 tlha with 100% RDF to rice + 50% RDF to toria was found beneficial in terms of REY and economics of rice-toria cropping system in mid-hills dry terraces.”
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