Abstract
Direct somatic embryos of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.), '' Medjool '' spontaneously developed on the individually proliferated axillary buds. Axillary bud proliferation was occurred from shoot tips explant under dark condition after 3 recultures on modified MS (Murashige and Skoog 1962) medium supplemented with 2iP (1.0 mg/L), Kin (1.0 mg/L), BA (1.0 mg/L), NOA (0.5 mg/L) and solidified with gelrite (2.0 g/L). When buds were transferred under light condition onto the same medium contained putrescine (150 mg/L), some of them (55.56 %) showed direct embryos formation (3.78) at the surface of the buds after 8 weeks of culture incubation. When these embryos were soon removed after they became visible, they survived by transferring to a fresh medium, whereas they destroyed if left intact with the bud. Embryos cultured on the previous medium omitted BA in addition to putrescine (100 mg/L) recorded the highest significant values of multiplication rate and growth value after 6 weeks of incubation. Individual shoots cultured on basal MS medium in addition to IBA (1.0 mg/L), sucrose (30 g/L) and solidified with phytoagar (6.0 g/L) recorded the highest significant values of roots number and roots length after 8 weeks of incubation. Finally, using of mixture containing compost and perlite (1:1, v/v) recorded the highest significant percentage values of plantlets survival (80 %) and number of leaves/plantlet (3.67) as well as the highest values of leaf length (17.1 cm) after 3 months in acclimatization. Phenotypically, plantlets showed similarity in the greenhouse. INTRODUCTION Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is dioecious perennial species (2n=36) of the Arecaceae and is one of the most important liliopsidaous fruit crop in Arab countries. The family Arecaceae comprises about 200 genera and 2500 species distributed through tropical and subtropical regions around the world (FAO statistics 2008). Date palm propagated either by seeds but the resulted seedlings differ considerably in fruit quality, harvesting time and production potential or by offshoots, but this method of propagation has been faced by the fact that date palm produce relatively few offshoots suitable for transplanting in its lifetime ( Zaid and De Wet, 2002). Rapid propagation of date palm through tissue culture is the most promising technique for production of sufficient plant materials with high quality (Sane et al., 2006). In reviewing date palm micropropagation, several reports have been published. The early attempts via zygotic embryos have been done by Schroeder (1970). However, various explants tissues have been examined i.e. shoot tip (El-Bellaj et al., 2000 and Al-Khayri, 2001), leaf primordial (Beauchesne et al., 1986; Ibrahim and Hegazy, 1998, 1999, 2001; Hegazy et al., 2009), axillary bud (Sharma et al., 1984; Zaid and Tisserat, 1983a), root (Zaid and Tisserat, 1983b) and finally inflorescence ( Drira and Benbadis, 1985; Hegazy, 2008). Organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis are the two techniques currently used in various laboratories in the world for in vitro mass propagation of date palm (Al Kaabi et al., 2007). Organogenesis in date
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Direct somatic embryos developed spontaneously on individually proliferated axillary buds.
- Taxon
- date palm
Phoenix dactyliferae0 - Material
- Medjoole0
- Organ / stage
- axillary budse0
- Outcome
- Direct somatic embryose0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Direct somatic embryos of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.), '' Medjool '' spontaneously developed on the individually proliferated axillary buds”
Claim · model-written summary
Axillary buds proliferated from shoot tips under dark culture after three recultures on supplemented MS medium.
- Taxon
- date palmPhoenix dactyliferat0
- Organ / stage
- shoot tips explante0
- Treatment
- modified MS (Murashige and Skoog 1962) medium supplemented with 2iP (1.0 mg/L), Kin (1.0 mg/L), BA (1.0 mg/L), NOA (0.5 mg/L) and solidified with gelrite (2.0 g/L)e0
- Outcome
- Axillary bud proliferatione0
- Qualifier
- under dark condition after 3 reculturese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Axillary bud proliferation was occurred from shoot tips explant under dark condition after 3 recultures on modified MS (Murashige and Skoog 1962) medium supplemented with 2iP (1.0 mg/L), Kin (1.0 mg/L), BA (1.0 mg/L), NOA (0.5 mg/L) and solidified with gelrite (2.0 g/L)”
t0“DATE PALM”
Claim · model-written summary
Under light with putrescine, 55.56% of buds formed 3.78 direct embryos after eight weeks.
- Taxon
- date palmPhoenix dactyliferat0
- Treatment
- putrescine (150 mg/L)e0
- Outcome
- direct embryos formatione0
- Value
- 55.56 %e0
- Qualifier
- after 8 weeks of culture incubatione0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When buds were transferred under light condition onto the same medium contained putrescine (150 mg/L), some of them (55.56 %) showed direct embryos formation (3.78) at the surface of the buds after 8 weeks of culture incubation”
t0“DATE PALM”
Claim · model-written summary
Embryos removed when visible survived after transfer to fresh medium.
- Taxon
- date palmPhoenix dactyliferat0
- Treatment
- transferring to a fresh mediume0
- Outcome
- they survivede0
- Qualifier
- soon removed after they became visiblee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When these embryos were soon removed after they became visible, they survived by transferring to a fresh medium”
t0“DATE PALM”
Claim · model-written summary
Embryos left attached to the bud were destroyed.
- Taxon
- date palmPhoenix dactyliferat0
- Outcome
- they destroyede0
- Qualifier
- if left intact with the bude0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“whereas they destroyed if left intact with the bud”
t0“DATE PALM”
Claim · model-written summary
Medium without BA and with putrescine gave the highest significant multiplication rate and growth value.
- Taxon
- date palmPhoenix dactyliferat0
- Treatment
- medium omitted BA in addition to putrescine (100 mg/L)e0
- Outcome
- multiplication rate and growth valuee0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- after 6 weeks of incubatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Embryos cultured on the previous medium omitted BA in addition to putrescine (100 mg/L) recorded the highest significant values of multiplication rate and growth value after 6 weeks of incubation”
t0“DATE PALM”
Claim · model-written summary
Basal MS with IBA, sucrose, and phytoagar gave the highest root number and length.
- Taxon
- date palmPhoenix dactyliferat0
- Treatment
- basal MS medium in addition to IBA (1.0 mg/L), sucrose (30 g/L) and solidified with phytoagar (6.0 g/L)e0
- Outcome
- roots number and roots lengthe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- after 8 weeks of incubatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Individual shoots cultured on basal MS medium in addition to IBA (1.0 mg/L), sucrose (30 g/L) and solidified with phytoagar (6.0 g/L) recorded the highest significant values of roots number and roots length after 8 weeks of incubation”
t0“DATE PALM”
Claim · model-written summary
Compost and perlite at 1:1 gave 80% plantlet survival.
- Taxon
- date palmPhoenix dactyliferat0
- Treatment
- compost and perlite (1:1, v/v)e0
- Outcome
- plantlets survivale0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 80 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mixture containing compost and perlite (1:1, v/v) recorded the highest significant percentage values of plantlets survival (80 %)”
t0“DATE PALM”
Claim · model-written summary
Compost and perlite at 1:1 gave 3.67 leaves per plantlet.
- Taxon
- date palmPhoenix dactyliferat0
- Treatment
- compost and perlite (1:1, v/v)e0
- Outcome
- number of leaves/plantlete0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 3.67e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mixture containing compost and perlite (1:1, v/v) recorded the highest significant percentage values of plantlets survival (80 %) and number of leaves/plantlet (3.67)”
t0“DATE PALM”
Claim · model-written summary
Compost and perlite at 1:1 gave a highest leaf length of 17.1 cm.
- Taxon
- date palmPhoenix dactyliferat0
- Treatment
- compost and perlite (1:1, v/v)e0
- Outcome
- leaf lengthe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 17.1 cme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mixture containing compost and perlite (1:1, v/v) recorded the highest significant percentage values of plantlets survival (80 %) and number of leaves/plantlet (3.67) as well as the highest values of leaf length (17.1 cm)”
t0“DATE PALM”
Claim · model-written summary
Plantlets were phenotypically similar in the greenhouse.
- Taxon
- date palmPhoenix dactyliferat0
- Outcome
- plantlets showed similaritye0
- Setting
- greenhousee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phenotypically, plantlets showed similarity in the greenhouse”
t0“DATE PALM”
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See all 27 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.