Abstract
A two year study was conducted to determine the response of a tomato crop to three planting systems and three mulch materials. Results indicated that planting systems significantly influenced the soil moisture regimes; weed growth and water use efficiency but did not affect the yield and other parameters. Mulch materials significantly influenced the hydrothermal regime of soil, physiological traits, yield and water use efficiency. Black polythene and paddy straw mulch have significantly higher soil water tensions (−56.6 to -38.4 kPa) and moisture in soil profile (15.1–18.4%). The maximum leaf area (0.426 m2/plant), specific leaf area (8.47 mg/cm2), fruit yield (400.08 q/ha) and water use efficiency (96.58 kg/ha-mm) were obtained under paddy straw mulch. The lowest dry weed biomass (5.5 g/m2) was recorded under black polythene. Black polythene, transparent polythene and paddy straw mulch saved 17, 11.3 and 15.4% water than unmulched control. Furrow irrigated raised bed saved about 36% water over flat bed planting. As for as the interaction of planting system and mulch is concerned, the maximum dry matter production (231.03 g/plant), fruit yield (449.36 q/ha) and water use efficiency (143.57 kg/ha-mm) was noticed under raised bed planting coupled with paddy straw mulching. This combination also saved about 49% water with 55% higher yield over absolute control.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Planting systems significantly influenced soil moisture regimes, weed growth and water use efficiency in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- planting systemse1
- Outcome
- soil moisture regimese1
- Qualifier
- weed growth and water use efficiencye1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“response of a tomato crop to three planting systems and three mulch materials”
e1“planting systems significantly influenced the soil moisture regimes; weed growth and water use efficiency but did not affect the yield and other parameters”
Claim · model-written summary
Planting systems did not affect tomato yield and other parameters.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- planting systemse1
- Outcome
- yield and other parameterse1
- Direction
- did not affecte1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“response of a tomato crop to three planting systems and three mulch materials”
e1“planting systems significantly influenced the soil moisture regimes; weed growth and water use efficiency but did not affect the yield and other parameters”
Claim · model-written summary
Black polythene and paddy straw mulch gave significantly higher soil water tensions (−56.6 to -38.4 kPa) in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Black polythene and paddy straw mulche3
- Outcome
- soil water tensionse3
- Direction
- highere3
- Value
- −56.6 to -38.4 kPae3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“response of a tomato crop to three planting systems and three mulch materials”
e3“Black polythene and paddy straw mulch have significantly higher soil water tensions (−56.6 to -38.4 kPa) and moisture in soil profile (15.1–18.4%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Black polythene and paddy straw mulch gave significantly higher moisture in the soil profile (15.1–18.4%) in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Black polythene and paddy straw mulche3
- Outcome
- moisture in soil profilee3
- Direction
- highere3
- Value
- 15.1–18.4%e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“response of a tomato crop to three planting systems and three mulch materials”
e3“Black polythene and paddy straw mulch have significantly higher soil water tensions (−56.6 to -38.4 kPa) and moisture in soil profile (15.1–18.4%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Paddy straw mulch gave the maximum leaf area (0.426 m2/plant) in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- paddy straw mulche4
- Outcome
- leaf areae4
- Direction
- maximume4
- Value
- 0.426 m2/plante4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“response of a tomato crop to three planting systems and three mulch materials”
e4“The maximum leaf area (0.426 m2/plant), specific leaf area (8.47 mg/cm2), fruit yield (400.08 q/ha) and water use efficiency (96.58 kg/ha-mm) were obtained under paddy straw mulch”
Claim · model-written summary
Paddy straw mulch gave the maximum specific leaf area (8.47 mg/cm2) in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- paddy straw mulche4
- Outcome
- specific leaf areae4
- Direction
- maximume4
- Value
- 8.47 mg/cm2e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“response of a tomato crop to three planting systems and three mulch materials”
e4“The maximum leaf area (0.426 m2/plant), specific leaf area (8.47 mg/cm2), fruit yield (400.08 q/ha) and water use efficiency (96.58 kg/ha-mm) were obtained under paddy straw mulch”
Claim · model-written summary
Paddy straw mulch gave the maximum fruit yield (400.08 q/ha) in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- paddy straw mulche4
- Outcome
- fruit yielde4
- Direction
- maximume4
- Value
- 400.08 q/hae4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“response of a tomato crop to three planting systems and three mulch materials”
e4“The maximum leaf area (0.426 m2/plant), specific leaf area (8.47 mg/cm2), fruit yield (400.08 q/ha) and water use efficiency (96.58 kg/ha-mm) were obtained under paddy straw mulch”
Claim · model-written summary
Paddy straw mulch gave the maximum water use efficiency (96.58 kg/ha-mm) in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- paddy straw mulche4
- Outcome
- water use efficiencye4
- Direction
- maximume4
- Value
- 96.58 kg/ha-mme4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“response of a tomato crop to three planting systems and three mulch materials”
e4“The maximum leaf area (0.426 m2/plant), specific leaf area (8.47 mg/cm2), fruit yield (400.08 q/ha) and water use efficiency (96.58 kg/ha-mm) were obtained under paddy straw mulch”
Claim · model-written summary
Black polythene gave the lowest dry weed biomass (5.5 g/m2) in tomato plots.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- black polythenee5
- Outcome
- dry weed biomasse5
- Direction
- loweste5
- Value
- 5.5 g/m2e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“response of a tomato crop to three planting systems and three mulch materials”
e5“The lowest dry weed biomass (5.5 g/m2) was recorded under black polythene”
Claim · model-written summary
Black polythene saved 17% water compared with the unmulched control in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Black polythenee6
- Outcome
- watere6
- Direction
- savede6
- Value
- 17e6
- Comparator
- unmulched controle6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“response of a tomato crop to three planting systems and three mulch materials”
e6“Black polythene, transparent polythene and paddy straw mulch saved 17, 11.3 and 15.4% water than unmulched control”
Claim · model-written summary
Transparent polythene saved 11.3% water compared with the unmulched control in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- transparent polythenee6
- Outcome
- watere6
- Direction
- savede6
- Value
- 11.3e6
- Comparator
- unmulched controle6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“response of a tomato crop to three planting systems and three mulch materials”
e6“Black polythene, transparent polythene and paddy straw mulch saved 17, 11.3 and 15.4% water than unmulched control”
Claim · model-written summary
Paddy straw mulch saved 15.4% water compared with the unmulched control in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- paddy straw mulche6
- Outcome
- watere6
- Direction
- savede6
- Value
- 15.4%e6
- Comparator
- unmulched controle6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“response of a tomato crop to three planting systems and three mulch materials”
e6“Black polythene, transparent polythene and paddy straw mulch saved 17, 11.3 and 15.4% water than unmulched control”
Claim · model-written summary
Furrow irrigated raised bed saved 36% water compared with flat bed planting in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Furrow irrigated raised bede7
- Outcome
- watere7
- Direction
- savede7
- Value
- 36%e7
- Comparator
- flat bed plantinge7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“response of a tomato crop to three planting systems and three mulch materials”
e7“Furrow irrigated raised bed saved about 36% water over flat bed planting”
Claim · model-written summary
Raised bed planting with paddy straw mulching gave the maximum dry matter production (231.03 g/plant) in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- raised bed planting coupled with paddy straw mulchinge7
- Outcome
- dry matter productione7
- Direction
- maximume7
- Value
- 231.03 g/plante7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“response of a tomato crop to three planting systems and three mulch materials”
e7“the maximum dry matter production (231.03 g/plant), fruit yield (449.36 q/ha) and water use efficiency (143.57 kg/ha-mm) was noticed under raised bed planting coupled with paddy straw mulching”
Claim · model-written summary
Raised bed planting with paddy straw mulching gave the maximum fruit yield (449.36 q/ha) in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- raised bed planting coupled with paddy straw mulchinge7
- Outcome
- fruit yielde7
- Direction
- maximume7
- Value
- 449.36 q/hae7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“response of a tomato crop to three planting systems and three mulch materials”
e7“the maximum dry matter production (231.03 g/plant), fruit yield (449.36 q/ha) and water use efficiency (143.57 kg/ha-mm) was noticed under raised bed planting coupled with paddy straw mulching”
Claim · model-written summary
Raised bed planting with paddy straw mulching gave the maximum water use efficiency (143.57 kg/ha-mm) in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- raised bed planting coupled with paddy straw mulchinge7
- Outcome
- water use efficiencye7
- Direction
- maximume7
- Value
- 143.57 kg/ha-mme7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“response of a tomato crop to three planting systems and three mulch materials”
e7“the maximum dry matter production (231.03 g/plant), fruit yield (449.36 q/ha) and water use efficiency (143.57 kg/ha-mm) was noticed under raised bed planting coupled with paddy straw mulching”
Claim · model-written summary
Raised bed planting with paddy straw mulching saved 49% water compared with the absolute control in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- raised bed planting coupled with paddy straw mulchinge7
- Outcome
- watere6
- Direction
- savede6
- Value
- 49%e6
- Comparator
- absolute controle6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“response of a tomato crop to three planting systems and three mulch materials”
e7“the maximum dry matter production (231.03 g/plant), fruit yield (449.36 q/ha) and water use efficiency (143.57 kg/ha-mm) was noticed under raised bed planting coupled with paddy straw mulching”
e6“This combination also saved about 49% water with 55% higher yield over absolute control”
Claim · model-written summary
Raised bed planting with paddy straw mulching gave 55% higher yield than the absolute control in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- raised bed planting coupled with paddy straw mulchinge7
- Outcome
- yielde6
- Direction
- highere6
- Value
- 55%e6
- Comparator
- absolute controle6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“response of a tomato crop to three planting systems and three mulch materials”
e7“the maximum dry matter production (231.03 g/plant), fruit yield (449.36 q/ha) and water use efficiency (143.57 kg/ha-mm) was noticed under raised bed planting coupled with paddy straw mulching”
e6“This combination also saved about 49% water with 55% higher yield over absolute control”
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