Paper · 1990 · HortScience

OUTLOOK FOR MECHANIZATION IN SMALL FRUIT CROPS

Charles Mainland

17
claims
21
verbatim quotes
0
citations
3
research areas
✓
Open access

Abstract

Mechanized harvest for processing markets has become commercially accepted for blackberries (Rubus sp.), highbush (Vaccinium corymbosum), lowbush (V. angustifolium) and rabbiteye (V. ashei), blueberries, cranberries (V. macrocarpon), grapes (Vitus labruscana, V. vinifera, V. rotundifolia, V. sp.), raspberries (Rubus ideaus) and to a lesser extent for strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa). Fruit bruising during harvest and sorting often contributes to reduced “eye appeal” and keeping quality for fresh sales. Highbush and rabbiteye blueberries are successfully machine harvested for fresh markets, however, high temperature and rain will often make product quality unacceptable. Highbush blueberries grown in cool climates and rabbiteye blueberries with greater inherent resistance to bruising have most consistently given acceptable quality. Cultivar improvement and equipment that causes less bruising during harvest and sorting will be required for increased mechanization for fresh markets. Mechanical pruning of blackberries, blueberries, grapes and raspberries can reduce costs by up to 80%. The audience will be involved in discussion of advancements in mechanization techniques.

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Claims 17

Observationobservedoriginal resultbasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Mechanized harvest for processing has become commercially accepted for blackberries.

Taxon
blackberriesRubuse0
Treatment
Mechanized harveste0
Outcome
commercially acceptede0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Rubus
Rubus · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)George Chernilevsky · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Mechanized harvest for processing markets has become commercially accepted for blackberries (Rubus sp.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–103 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultbasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Mechanized harvest for processing has become commercially accepted for blueberries.

Taxon
blueberriese0
Treatment
Mechanized harveste1
Outcome
commercially acceptede1

Verbatim

e0

“highbush (Vaccinium corymbosum), lowbush (V. angustifolium) and rabbiteye (V. ashei), blueberries”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 105–202 · show in text ↑
e1

“Mechanized harvest for processing markets has become commercially accepted”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–74 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultbasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Mechanized harvest for processing has become commercially accepted for cranberries.

Taxon
cranberriese0
Treatment
Mechanized harveste0
Outcome
commercially acceptede0

Verbatim

e0

“Mechanized harvest for processing markets has become commercially accepted for blackberries (Rubus sp.), highbush (Vaccinium corymbosum), lowbush (V. angustifolium) and rabbiteye (V. ashei), blueberries, cranberries (V. macrocarpon)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–232 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultbasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Mechanized harvest for processing has become commercially accepted for grapes.

Taxon
grapese0
Treatment
Mechanized harveste0
Outcome
commercially acceptede0

Verbatim

e0

“Mechanized harvest for processing markets has become commercially accepted for blackberries (Rubus sp.), highbush (Vaccinium corymbosum), lowbush (V. angustifolium) and rabbiteye (V. ashei), blueberries, cranberries (V. macrocarpon), grapes (Vitus labruscana, V. vinifera, V. rotundifolia, V. sp.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–297 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultbasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Mechanized harvest for processing has become commercially accepted for raspberries.

Taxon
raspberriese0
Treatment
Mechanized harveste0
Outcome
commercially acceptede0

Verbatim

e0

“Mechanized harvest for processing markets has become commercially accepted for blackberries (Rubus sp.), highbush (Vaccinium corymbosum), lowbush (V. angustifolium) and rabbiteye (V. ashei), blueberries, cranberries (V. macrocarpon), grapes (Vitus labruscana, V. vinifera, V. rotundifolia, V. sp.), raspberries (Rubus ideaus)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–325 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultbasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Mechanized harvest for processing is commercially accepted to a lesser extent for strawberries.

Taxon
strawberriesFragaria ×ananassae0
Treatment
Mechanized harveste1
Outcome
commercially acceptede1
Qualifier
to a lesser extente0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Fragaria x ananassa
Fragaria ×ananassa · TaxonIvar Leidus · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“to a lesser extent for strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 330–387 · show in text ↑
e1

“Mechanized harvest for processing markets has become commercially accepted”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–74 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultnegativebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Bruising during harvest and sorting reduces eye appeal and keeping quality of small fruit for fresh sale.

Taxon
FRUIT CROPSt0
Treatment
harvest and sortinge0
Outcome
“eye appeal” and keeping qualitye0
Direction
reducede0

Verbatim

t0

“SMALL FRUIT CROPS”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 29–46 · show in text ↑
e0

“Fruit bruising during harvest and sorting often contributes to reduced “eye appeal” and keeping quality for fresh sales”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 389–508 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultbasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Highbush blueberries are successfully machine harvested for fresh markets.

Taxon
Highbushe0
Outcome
successfully machine harvested for fresh marketse0

Verbatim

e0

“Highbush and rabbiteye blueberries are successfully machine harvested for fresh markets”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 510–597 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultbasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Rabbiteye blueberries are successfully machine harvested for fresh markets.

Taxon
rabbiteye blueberriese0
Outcome
successfully machine harvested for fresh marketse0

Verbatim

e0

“Highbush and rabbiteye blueberries are successfully machine harvested for fresh markets”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 510–597 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultnegativebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

High temperature and rain often make machine harvested blueberry quality unacceptable.

Taxon
blueberriese0
Treatment
high temperature and raine0
Outcome
product qualitye0
Direction
unacceptablee0

Verbatim

e0

“Highbush and rabbiteye blueberries are successfully machine harvested for fresh markets, however, high temperature and rain will often make product quality unacceptable”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 510–678 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultbasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Highbush blueberries in cool climates most consistently give acceptable quality.

Taxon
Highbush blueberriesVaccinium corymbosume0
Outcome
acceptable qualitye0
Setting
cool climatese0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Vaccinium corymbosum
Vaccinium corymbosum · TaxonThe original Uploader was Oven Fresh at English Wikipedia · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Highbush blueberries grown in cool climates and rabbiteye blueberries with greater inherent resistance to bruising have most consistently given acceptable quality”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 680–842 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultbasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Rabbiteye blueberries with greater bruising resistance most consistently give acceptable quality.

Taxon
rabbiteye blueberriese0
Outcome
acceptable qualitye0
Qualifier
greater inherent resistance to bruisinge0

Verbatim

e0

“Highbush blueberries grown in cool climates and rabbiteye blueberries with greater inherent resistance to bruising have most consistently given acceptable quality”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 680–842 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Mechanical pruning can reduce blackberries production costs by up to 80%.

Taxon
blackberriesRubuse0
Treatment
Mechanical pruninge0
Outcome
costse0
Direction
reducee0
Value
up to 80%e0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Rubus
Rubus · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)George Chernilevsky · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Mechanical pruning of blackberries, blueberries, grapes and raspberries can reduce costs by up to 80%”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 996–1097 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Mechanical pruning can reduce blueberry production costs by up to 80%.

Taxon
blueberriese0
Treatment
Mechanical pruninge0
Outcome
costse0
Direction
reducee0
Value
up to 80%e0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0

“Mechanical pruning of blackberries, blueberries, grapes and raspberries can reduce costs by up to 80%”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 996–1097 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Mechanical pruning can reduce grape production costs by up to 80%.

Taxon
grapese0
Treatment
Mechanical pruninge0
Outcome
costse0
Direction
reducee0
Value
up to 80%e0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0

“Mechanical pruning of blackberries, blueberries, grapes and raspberries can reduce costs by up to 80%”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 996–1097 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Mechanical pruning can reduce raspberry production costs by up to 80%.

Taxon
raspberriese0
Treatment
Mechanical pruninge0
Outcome
costse0
Direction
reducee0
Value
up to 80%e0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0

“Mechanical pruning of blackberries, blueberries, grapes and raspberries can reduce costs by up to 80%”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 996–1097 · show in text ↑
Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultbasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Cultivar improvement and equipment that causes less bruising are needed to expand mechanization for fresh markets.

Taxon
FRUIT CROPSt0
Outcome
Cultivar improvement and equipment that causes less bruising during harvest and sortinge0

Verbatim

t0

“SMALL FRUIT CROPS”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 29–46 · show in text ↑
e0

“Cultivar improvement and equipment that causes less bruising during harvest and sorting will be required for increased mechanization for fresh markets”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 844–994 · show in text ↑

pruning · yield · VacciniumResults differ

18 papers: 12 positive, 6 negative or no effect

11 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction

  1. negative
  2. negative
  3. negative

14 papers more in this group

See all 18 papers →

pruning · yield · Rubus (bramble)Positive and negative results

7 papers: 5 positive, 2 negative or no effect

4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction

  1. no effect
  2. no effect
  3. positive

3 papers more in this group

See all 7 papers →

pruning · yield · Rubus idaeus (red raspberry)Positive and negative results

13 papers: 3 positive, 10 negative or no effect

2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 9 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. negative
  2. negative
  3. negative

9 papers more in this group

See all 13 papers →

pruning · yield · VitisPositive and negative results

107 papers: 71 positive, 36 negative or no effect

70 papers in the same direction as this paper · 36 in the opposite direction

  1. no effect
  2. negative
  3. negative

103 papers more in this group

See all 107 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.