Abstract
The response of grapevine carbohydrate reserves and seasonal growth and development to defruiting at the onset of ripening or complete defoliation at commercial harvest was examined at four sites in two hot, inland regions of New South Wales, Australia. Early defruiting over two consecutive seasons increased total nonstructural carbohydrates (TNC) in the roots, and to a lesser extent in the wood, and resulted in yield increases of up to 60% in the third season when fruit was allowed to remain on the vine until harvest. In contrast, defoliation at harvest caused a decline in TNC concentrations and reduced fruit production by up to 22% following one season of treatment and by 50% following two seasons. The higher yields developed after the two proceeding seasons of early defruiting were associated with depletion of the initially high carbohydrate reserves between budbreak and harvest, and reserve restoration did not take place until after harvest. However, in the lower yielding, previously defoliated vines, carbohydrate reserves were restored before fruit maturity. These findings show that carbon demands of ripening fruit, and photoassimilation capacity after harvest, can both limit the restoration of carbohydrate reserves to preseason levels. Marked differences between sites in the seasonal maxima of nonstructural carbohydrate concentrations in perennial tissues and aspects of floral and vegetative development are attributed to water deficits. The interaction between carbohydrate reserves and fruit and shoot growth suggests a feedback process whereby homeostasis, following environmental or cultural perturbations, is restored to a level determined by the capacity of the grapevine to assimilate and store carbohydrates.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Early defruiting over two consecutive seasons increased total nonstructural carbohydrates in grapevine roots.
- Material
- Semillont0
- Treatment
- Early defruitinge1
- Outcome
- total nonstructural carbohydrates (TNC) in the rootse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Qualifier
- over two consecutive seasonse1
- Setting
- New South Wales, Australiae2
VitisNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The response of grapevine carbohydrate reserves”
e1“Early defruiting over two consecutive seasons increased total nonstructural carbohydrates (TNC) in the roots”
e2“examined at four sites in two hot, inland regions of New South Wales, Australia”
t0“Semillon Grapevines”
Claim · model-written summary
Early defruiting over two seasons increased grapevine yield by up to 60% in the third season when fruit remained on the vine until harvest.
- Material
- Semillont0
- Treatment
- Early defruitinge1
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Direction
- increasese1
- Value
- up to 60%e1
- Qualifier
- in the third season when fruit was allowed to remain on the vine until harveste1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The response of grapevine carbohydrate reserves”
e1“Early defruiting over two consecutive seasons increased total nonstructural carbohydrates (TNC) in the roots, and to a lesser extent in the wood, and resulted in yield increases of up to 60% in the third season when fruit was allowed to remain on the vine until harvest”
t0“Semillon Grapevines”
Claim · model-written summary
Early defruiting increased total nonstructural carbohydrates in grapevine wood to a lesser extent than in roots.
- Organ / stage
- woode1
- Treatment
- Early defruitinge1
- Outcome
- total nonstructural carbohydrates (TNC)e1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Qualifier
- to a lesser extente1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The response of grapevine carbohydrate reserves”
e1“Early defruiting over two consecutive seasons increased total nonstructural carbohydrates (TNC) in the roots, and to a lesser extent in the wood, and resulted in yield increases of up to 60% in the third season when fruit was allowed to remain on the vine until harvest”
Claim · model-written summary
Defoliation at harvest caused a decline in total nonstructural carbohydrate concentrations in grapevine.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The response of grapevine carbohydrate reserves”
e3“defoliation at harvest caused a decline in TNC concentrations”
Claim · model-written summary
Defoliation at harvest reduced grapevine fruit production by up to 22% following one season of treatment.
- Treatment
- defoliation at harveste4
- Outcome
- fruit productione4
- Direction
- reducede4
- Value
- up to 22%e4
- Qualifier
- following one season of treatmente4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The response of grapevine carbohydrate reserves”
e4“defoliation at harvest caused a decline in TNC concentrations and reduced fruit production by up to 22% following one season of treatment and by 50% following two seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Defoliation at harvest reduced grapevine fruit production by 50% following two seasons.
- Treatment
- defoliation at harveste4
- Outcome
- fruit productione4
- Direction
- reducede4
- Value
- 50%e4
- Qualifier
- following two seasonse4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The response of grapevine carbohydrate reserves”
e4“defoliation at harvest caused a decline in TNC concentrations and reduced fruit production by up to 22% following one season of treatment and by 50% following two seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher yields after two seasons of early defruiting were associated with depletion of carbohydrate reserves between budbreak and harvest.
- Treatment
- early defruitinge5
- Outcome
- depletion of the initially high carbohydrate reserves between budbreak and harveste5
- Qualifier
- higher yieldse5
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The response of grapevine carbohydrate reserves”
e5“The higher yields developed after the two proceeding seasons of early defruiting were associated with depletion of the initially high carbohydrate reserves between budbreak and harvest”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbohydrate reserve restoration in the high-yielding vines did not take place until after harvest.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The response of grapevine carbohydrate reserves”
e6“reserve restoration did not take place until after harvest”
Claim · model-written summary
In lower-yielding, previously defoliated vines, carbohydrate reserves were restored before fruit maturity.
- Material
- previously defoliated vinese7
- Outcome
- carbohydrate reservese7
- Qualifier
- restored before fruit maturitye7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The response of grapevine carbohydrate reserves”
e7“in the lower yielding, previously defoliated vines, carbohydrate reserves were restored before fruit maturity”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose that carbon demand of ripening fruit and post-harvest photoassimilation capacity can both limit restoration of carbohydrate reserves.
- Outcome
- restoration of carbohydrate reserves to preseason levelse2
- Qualifier
- carbon demands of ripening fruit, and photoassimilation capacity after harveste2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The response of grapevine carbohydrate reserves”
e2“carbon demands of ripening fruit, and photoassimilation capacity after harvest, can both limit the restoration of carbohydrate reserves to preseason levels”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attribute marked between-site differences in seasonal maxima of nonstructural carbohydrates in perennial tissues to water deficits.
- Outcome
- seasonal maxima of nonstructural carbohydrate concentrations in perennial tissuese2
- Qualifier
- water deficitse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The response of grapevine carbohydrate reserves”
e2“Marked differences between sites in the seasonal maxima of nonstructural carbohydrate concentrations in perennial tissues and aspects of floral and vegetative development are attributed to water deficits”
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