Abstract
Tree seedling flooding tolerance for 22 species was assessed under controlled field conditions. Initial heights under control (freely draining soil, n = 20 per species) and flooded (standing water, depth = 10 cm, n = 20 per species) conditions were measured in March 1990. Survival, height and diameter growth were determined after 120 days. Recovery from flooding effects was assessed in the following growing season from March to August, 1991. Taxodium distichum (L.) L. C. Rich, exhibited enhanced growth when flooded. Acer saccharinum L., Fraxinus excelsior L., and Quercus robur L. increased diameter but not height growth. The following species exhibited reduced growth and/or survival: Acer campestre L., Acer pseudoplatanus L., Acer rubrum L., Betula nigra L., Betula papyrifera Marsh, Betula pubescens Ehrh., Betula pendula Roth, Crataegus monogyna Jacq., Fagus grandifolia Ehrh., Prunus padus L., Prunus serotina Ehrh., Quercus palustris M uenchh., Quercus petraea (Mattuschka) Liebl., Rhamnus cathartica L., Salix purpurea L., Sorbus aucuparia L., Tilia cordata Mill., and Ulmus glabra Huds. emend. Moss. Recovery from flooding in the second growing season was well established with A. saccharinum, C. monogyna, Qu. palustris, Qu. petraea, S. purpurea, U. glabra, while height growth relative to the flooding period was retarded in A. rubrum, F. grandifolia, F. excelsior, Qu. robur, Rh. cathartica, and S. aucuparia. Mortality increased with B. p a pyrifera and F. grandifolia. Flooded trees of B. nigra, B. pendula, and Rh. cathartica appeared to be strongly handicapped by losing their natural resistance against frost even in the following growing season. By decreasing shoot height growth and biomass production, long-term flooding is suggested to reduce the competitive ability of most tree species in the succession of natural forests in habitats which will be inundated more frequently in future when precipitation is increased by the predicted climatic change.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Flooding enhanced Taxodium distichum growth.
- Taxon
- Taxodium distichum
Taxodium distichume0 - Treatment
- floodede0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Taxodium distichum (L.) L. C. Rich, exhibited enhanced growth when flooded”
Claim · model-written summary
Acer saccharinum increased diameter but not height growth under flooding.
- Taxon
- Acer saccharinum
Acer saccharinume0 - Outcome
- diametere0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Acer saccharinum L., Fraxinus excelsior L., and Quercus robur L. increased diameter but not height growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Fraxinus excelsior increased diameter but not height growth under flooding.
- Taxon
- Fraxinus excelsior
Fraxinus excelsiore0 - Outcome
- diametere0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Acer saccharinum L., Fraxinus excelsior L., and Quercus robur L. increased diameter but not height growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Quercus robur increased diameter but not height growth under flooding.
- Taxon
- Quercus robur
Quercus robure0 - Outcome
- diametere0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Acer saccharinum L., Fraxinus excelsior L., and Quercus robur L. increased diameter but not height growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Multiple listed species exhibited reduced growth or survival after flooding.
- Taxon
- Acer campestre
Acer campestree0 - Outcome
- growth and/or survivale0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- The following speciese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The following species exhibited reduced growth and/or survival: Acer campestre L., Acer pseudoplatanus L., Acer rubrum L., Betula nigra L., Betula papyrifera Marsh, Betula pubescens Ehrh., Betula pendula Roth, Crataegus monogyna Jacq., Fagus grandifolia Ehrh., Prunus padus L., Prunus serotina Ehrh., Quercus palustris M uenchh., Quercus petraea (Mattuschka) Liebl., Rhamnus cathartica L., Salix purpurea L., Sorbus aucuparia L., Tilia cordata Mill., and Ulmus glabra Huds. emend. Moss”
Claim · model-written summary
Six listed species showed established recovery in the next growing season.
- Taxon
- A. saccharinumAcer saccharinume0
- Outcome
- Recovery from floodinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Recovery from flooding in the second growing season was well established with A. saccharinum, C. monogyna, Qu. palustris, Qu. petraea, S. purpurea, U. glabra”
Claim · model-written summary
Six listed species had retarded height growth relative to the flooding period.
- Taxon
- A. rubrum
Acer rubrume0 - Outcome
- height growthe0
- Direction
- retardede0
- Comparator
- the flooding periode0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“height growth relative to the flooding period was retarded in A. rubrum, F. grandifolia, F. excelsior, Qu. robur, Rh. cathartica, and S. aucuparia”
Claim · model-written summary
Mortality increased in Betula papyrifera and Fagus grandifolia.
- Taxon
- F. grandifolia
Fagus grandifoliae0 - Outcome
- Mortalitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mortality increased with B. p a pyrifera and F. grandifolia”
Claim · model-written summary
Flooded Betula nigra appeared to lose frost resistance in the next season.
- Taxon
- B. nigra
Betula nigrae0 - Outcome
- natural resistance against froste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Flooded trees of B. nigra, B. pendula, and Rh. cathartica appeared to be strongly handicapped by losing their natural resistance against frost even in the following growing season”
Claim · model-written summary
Flooded Betula pendula appeared to lose frost resistance in the next season.
- Taxon
- B. pendula
Betula pendulae0 - Outcome
- natural resistance against froste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Flooded trees of B. nigra, B. pendula, and Rh. cathartica appeared to be strongly handicapped by losing their natural resistance against frost even in the following growing season”
Claim · model-written summary
Flooded Rhamnus cathartica appeared to lose frost resistance in the next season.
Verbatim
e0“Flooded trees of B. nigra, B. pendula, and Rh. cathartica appeared to be strongly handicapped by losing their natural resistance against frost even in the following growing season”
Claim · model-written summary
Long flooding was suggested to reduce tree competitive ability by lowering shoot growth and biomass.
Verbatim
e0“By decreasing shoot height growth and biomass production, long-term flooding is suggested to reduce the competitive ability of most tree species”
The same questions in other papers
flooding · growth · Taxodium distichum (bald cypress)Results differ
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 8 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- negative
9 papers more in this group
See all 13 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.