Abstract
High bicarbonate (HCO3-) content and associated high pH of irrigation water is detrimental to plant growth. Sustain ableagricultural/horticultural production will increasingly have to rely on economically feasible and environmentally sound solutions to the problems associated with high levels of HCO3- in irrigation water. The ability of a mixed Glomus Tulasne & Tulasne species inoculum of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), Glomus ZAC-19 (containing Glomus albidum Walker & Rhodes, Glomus claroideum Schenck & Smith, and Glomus diaphanum Morton & Walker), to enhance plant tolerance to HCO3- was tested on the growth and nutrient uptake of Rosa multiflora Thunb. ex J. Murr. cv. Burr (rose). Arbuscular mycorrhizal colonized and non-inoculated (non-AMF) R. multiflora cv. Burr were treated with 0, 2.5, 5, and 10 mM HCO3-. Increasing HCO3- concentration and associated high pH reduced R. multiflora cv. Burr growth, nutrient uptake, and acid phosphatase activity (ACP), while increasing alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP). Inoculation with AMF enhanced plant tolerance to HCO3- as indicated by greater growth, nutrient uptake, leaf chlorophyll content, higher mycorrhizal inoculation effect (MIE), lower root iron reductase activity, and generally lower soluble and wall-bound ALP activity. While AMF colonization (arbuscules, vesicles, and hyphae formation) was reduced by increasing HCO3- concentration, colonization still occurred at high HCO3- concentration. At 2.5 mM HCO3-, AMF plant growth was comparable to plants at 0 mM HCO3-, further indicating the beneficial effect of AMF for alleviation of HCO3- plant stress.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing bicarbonate reduced rose growth, nutrient uptake and acid phosphatase activity.
- Taxon
- Rosa multiflora
Rosa multiflorat0 - Treatment
- Increasing HCO3- concentratione0
- Outcome
- growth, nutrient uptake, and acid phosphatase activity (ACP)e0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing HCO3- concentration and associated high pH reduced R. multiflora cv. Burr growth, nutrient uptake, and acid phosphatase activity (ACP)”
t0“Rosa multiflora”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing bicarbonate increased alkaline phosphatase activity.
- Taxon
- Rosa multifloraRosa multiflorat0
- Treatment
- Increasing HCO3- concentratione0
- Outcome
- alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP)e0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing HCO3- concentration and associated high pH reduced R. multiflora cv. Burr growth, nutrient uptake, and acid phosphatase activity (ACP), while increasing alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP).”
t0“Rosa multiflora”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF inoculation enhanced rose growth, nutrient uptake and leaf chlorophyll under bicarbonate stress.
- Taxon
- Rosa multifloraRosa multiflorat0
- Treatment
- Inoculation with AMFe0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- growth, nutrient uptake, leaf chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- greatere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation with AMF enhanced plant tolerance to HCO3- as indicated by greater growth, nutrient uptake, leaf chlorophyll content”
t0“Rosa multiflora”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF inoculation increased the mycorrhizal inoculation effect.
- Taxon
- Rosa multifloraRosa multiflorat0
- Treatment
- Inoculation with AMFe1
- Interactor
- AMFe1symbiont
- Outcome
- mycorrhizal inoculation effect (MIE)e0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher mycorrhizal inoculation effect (MIE)”
e1“Inoculation with AMF enhanced plant tolerance to HCO3- as indicated by greater growth, nutrient uptake, leaf chlorophyll content, higher mycorrhizal inoculation effect (MIE)”
t0“Rosa multiflora”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF inoculation lowered root iron reductase activity.
- Taxon
- Rosa multifloraRosa multiflorat0
- Treatment
- Inoculation with AMFe1
- Interactor
- AMFe1symbiont
- Outcome
- root iron reductase activitye0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lower root iron reductase activity”
e1“Inoculation with AMF enhanced plant tolerance to HCO3- as indicated by greater growth, nutrient uptake, leaf chlorophyll content, higher mycorrhizal inoculation effect (MIE), lower root iron reductase activity”
t0“Rosa multiflora”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF inoculation generally lowered soluble and wall-bound alkaline phosphatase activity.
- Taxon
- Rosa multifloraRosa multiflorat0
- Treatment
- Inoculation with AMFe1
- Interactor
- AMFe1symbiont
- Outcome
- soluble and wall-bound ALP activitye0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“generally lower soluble and wall-bound ALP activity”
e1“Inoculation with AMF enhanced plant tolerance to HCO3- as indicated by greater growth, nutrient uptake, leaf chlorophyll content, higher mycorrhizal inoculation effect (MIE), lower root iron reductase activity, and generally lower soluble and wall-bound ALP activity.”
t0“Rosa multiflora”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing bicarbonate reduced AMF colonization.
- Taxon
- Rosa multifloraRosa multiflorat0
- Treatment
- increasing HCO3- concentratione0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- AMF colonizatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AMF colonization (arbuscules, vesicles, and hyphae formation) was reduced by increasing HCO3- concentration”
t0“Rosa multiflora”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF colonization persisted at high bicarbonate concentration.
- Taxon
- Rosa multifloraRosa multiflorat0
- Treatment
- high HCO3- concentratione0
- Interactor
- AMFe1symbiont
- Outcome
- colonization still occurrede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“colonization still occurred at high HCO3- concentration”
e1“AMF colonization (arbuscules, vesicles, and hyphae formation) was reduced by increasing HCO3- concentration, colonization still occurred at high HCO3- concentration”
t0“Rosa multiflora”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF plant growth at 2.5 mM bicarbonate was comparable to growth at zero bicarbonate.
- Taxon
- Rosa multifloraRosa multiflorat0
- Treatment
- 2.5 mM HCO3-e0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- plant growthe0
- Direction
- comparablee0
- Comparator
- 0 mM HCO3-e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At 2.5 mM HCO3-, AMF plant growth was comparable to plants at 0 mM HCO3-”
t0“Rosa multiflora”
The same questions in other papers
hydrogencarbonate · disease · Rosa multiflora (Japanese rose)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
hydrogencarbonate · soil: biology · Rosa multiflora (Japanese rose)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
hydrogencarbonate · growth · Rosa multiflora (Japanese rose)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
inoculation · physiology: pigments · Rosa multiflora (Japanese rose)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
mycorrhiza · physiology: pigments · Rosa multiflora (Japanese rose)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.