Abstract
Sustainable horticultural production will increasingly have to rely on economically feasible and environmentally sound solutions to problems associated with high levels of bicarbonate (HCO - 3 ) and associated high pH in irrigation water. The ability of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF; Glomus ZAC-19) to enhance plant tolerance to HCO 3 - was tested on the growth, physiology and nutrient uptake of Rosamultiflora Thunb. ex J. Murr. cv. Burr (rose). Arbuscular mycorrhizal colonized and noninoculated (non-AMF) plants were treated with 0, 2.5, 5, and 10 m m HCO - 3 . Increasing HCO - 3 concentration and associated high pH and electrical conductivity (EC) reduced plant growth, leaf elemental uptake and acid phosphatase activity (ACP), while increasing alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP). Inoculation with AMF enhanced plant tolerance to HCO - 3 as indicated by greater plant growth, leaf elemental uptake (N, P, K, Ca, Fe, Zn, Al, Bo), leaf chlorophyll content, higher mycorrhizal inoculation effect (MIE), lower root iron reductase activity, and generally lower wall-bound ACP (at 2.5 m m HCO 3 - ), and higher soluble ALP (at 10 m m HCO 3 - ). While AMF colonization (arbuscules, vesicles, and hyphae formation) was reduced by increasing HCO - 3 concentration, colonization still occurred at high HCO - 3 . At 2.5 m m HCO 3 - , AMF plant growth was comparable to plants at 0 m m HCO 3 - , further indicating the beneficial effect of AMF for alleviation of HCO 3 - stress.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing bicarbonate concentration reduced rose plant growth, leaf elemental uptake and acid phosphatase activity.
- Taxon
- Rosa multiflora cv. Burr
Rosa multiflorat0 - Treatment
- Increasing HCO - 3 concentratione2
- Outcome
- plant growth, leaf elemental uptake and acid phosphatase activitye2
- Direction
- reducede2
- Qualifier
- associated high pH and electrical conductivitye2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rosa multiflora cv. Burr”
e2“Increasing HCO - 3 concentration and associated high pH and electrical conductivity (EC) reduced plant growth, leaf elemental uptake and acid phosphatase activity (ACP), while increasing alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP)”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing bicarbonate concentration increased alkaline phosphatase activity in rose.
- Taxon
- Rosa multiflora cv. BurrRosa multiflorat0
- Treatment
- Increasing HCO - 3 concentratione2
- Outcome
- alkaline phosphatase activitye2
- Direction
- increasinge2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rosa multiflora cv. Burr”
e2“Increasing HCO - 3 concentration and associated high pH and electrical conductivity (EC) reduced plant growth, leaf elemental uptake and acid phosphatase activity (ACP), while increasing alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP)”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with AMF enhanced rose tolerance to bicarbonate.
- Taxon
- Rosa multiflora cv. BurrRosa multiflorat0
- Treatment
- Inoculation with AMFe3
- Interactor
- Glomus ZAC-19e1symbiont
- Outcome
- plant tolerance to HCO - 3e3
- Direction
- enhancede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rosa multiflora cv. Burr”
e1“The ability of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF; Glomus ZAC-19) to enhance plant tolerance to HCO 3 - was tested on the growth, physiology and nutrient uptake of Rosamultiflora Thunb. ex J. Murr. cv. Burr (rose)”
e3“Inoculation with AMF enhanced plant tolerance to HCO - 3 as indicated by greater plant growth, leaf elemental uptake (N, P, K, Ca, Fe, Zn, Al, Bo), leaf chlorophyll content, higher mycorrhizal inoculation effect (MIE), lower root iron reductase activity, and generally lower wall-bound ACP (at 2.5 m m HCO 3 - ), and higher soluble ALP (at 10 m m HCO 3 - )”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with AMF increased rose plant growth under bicarbonate stress.
- Taxon
- Rosa multiflora cv. BurrRosa multiflorat0
- Treatment
- Inoculation with AMFe3
- Interactor
- Glomus ZAC-19e1symbiont
- Outcome
- plant growthe3
- Direction
- greatere3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rosa multiflora cv. Burr”
e1“The ability of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF; Glomus ZAC-19) to enhance plant tolerance to HCO 3 - was tested on the growth, physiology and nutrient uptake of Rosamultiflora Thunb. ex J. Murr. cv. Burr (rose)”
e3“Inoculation with AMF enhanced plant tolerance to HCO - 3 as indicated by greater plant growth, leaf elemental uptake (N, P, K, Ca, Fe, Zn, Al, Bo), leaf chlorophyll content, higher mycorrhizal inoculation effect (MIE), lower root iron reductase activity, and generally lower wall-bound ACP (at 2.5 m m HCO 3 - ), and higher soluble ALP (at 10 m m HCO 3 - )”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with AMF increased leaf elemental uptake in rose under bicarbonate stress.
- Taxon
- Rosa multiflora cv. BurrRosa multiflorat0
- Treatment
- Inoculation with AMFe3
- Interactor
- Glomus ZAC-19e1symbiont
- Outcome
- leaf elemental uptake (N, P, K, Ca, Fe, Zn, Al, Bo)e3
- Direction
- greatere3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rosa multiflora cv. Burr”
e1“The ability of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF; Glomus ZAC-19) to enhance plant tolerance to HCO 3 - was tested on the growth, physiology and nutrient uptake of Rosamultiflora Thunb. ex J. Murr. cv. Burr (rose)”
e3“Inoculation with AMF enhanced plant tolerance to HCO - 3 as indicated by greater plant growth, leaf elemental uptake (N, P, K, Ca, Fe, Zn, Al, Bo), leaf chlorophyll content, higher mycorrhizal inoculation effect (MIE), lower root iron reductase activity, and generally lower wall-bound ACP (at 2.5 m m HCO 3 - ), and higher soluble ALP (at 10 m m HCO 3 - )”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with AMF increased leaf chlorophyll content in rose under bicarbonate stress.
- Taxon
- Rosa multiflora cv. BurrRosa multiflorat0
- Treatment
- Inoculation with AMFe3
- Interactor
- Glomus ZAC-19e1symbiont
- Outcome
- leaf chlorophyll contente3
- Direction
- increaseinferrede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rosa multiflora cv. Burr”
e1“The ability of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF; Glomus ZAC-19) to enhance plant tolerance to HCO 3 - was tested on the growth, physiology and nutrient uptake of Rosamultiflora Thunb. ex J. Murr. cv. Burr (rose)”
e3“Inoculation with AMF enhanced plant tolerance to HCO - 3 as indicated by greater plant growth, leaf elemental uptake (N, P, K, Ca, Fe, Zn, Al, Bo), leaf chlorophyll content, higher mycorrhizal inoculation effect (MIE), lower root iron reductase activity, and generally lower wall-bound ACP (at 2.5 m m HCO 3 - ), and higher soluble ALP (at 10 m m HCO 3 - )”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with AMF gave a higher mycorrhizal inoculation effect in rose under bicarbonate stress.
- Taxon
- Rosa multiflora cv. BurrRosa multiflorat0
- Treatment
- Inoculation with AMFe3
- Interactor
- Glomus ZAC-19e1symbiont
- Outcome
- mycorrhizal inoculation effect (MIE)e3
- Direction
- highere3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rosa multiflora cv. Burr”
e1“The ability of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF; Glomus ZAC-19) to enhance plant tolerance to HCO 3 - was tested on the growth, physiology and nutrient uptake of Rosamultiflora Thunb. ex J. Murr. cv. Burr (rose)”
e3“Inoculation with AMF enhanced plant tolerance to HCO - 3 as indicated by greater plant growth, leaf elemental uptake (N, P, K, Ca, Fe, Zn, Al, Bo), leaf chlorophyll content, higher mycorrhizal inoculation effect (MIE), lower root iron reductase activity, and generally lower wall-bound ACP (at 2.5 m m HCO 3 - ), and higher soluble ALP (at 10 m m HCO 3 - )”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with AMF lowered root iron reductase activity in rose under bicarbonate stress.
- Taxon
- Rosa multiflora cv. BurrRosa multiflorat0
- Treatment
- Inoculation with AMFe3
- Interactor
- Glomus ZAC-19e1symbiont
- Outcome
- root iron reductase activitye3
- Direction
- lowere3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rosa multiflora cv. Burr”
e1“The ability of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF; Glomus ZAC-19) to enhance plant tolerance to HCO 3 - was tested on the growth, physiology and nutrient uptake of Rosamultiflora Thunb. ex J. Murr. cv. Burr (rose)”
e3“Inoculation with AMF enhanced plant tolerance to HCO - 3 as indicated by greater plant growth, leaf elemental uptake (N, P, K, Ca, Fe, Zn, Al, Bo), leaf chlorophyll content, higher mycorrhizal inoculation effect (MIE), lower root iron reductase activity, and generally lower wall-bound ACP (at 2.5 m m HCO 3 - ), and higher soluble ALP (at 10 m m HCO 3 - )”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with AMF lowered wall-bound ACP in rose at 2.5 mM bicarbonate.
- Taxon
- Rosa multiflora cv. BurrRosa multiflorat0
- Treatment
- Inoculation with AMFe3
- Interactor
- Glomus ZAC-19e1symbiont
- Outcome
- wall-bound ACPe3
- Direction
- lowere3
- Qualifier
- at 2.5 m m HCO 3 -e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rosa multiflora cv. Burr”
e1“The ability of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF; Glomus ZAC-19) to enhance plant tolerance to HCO 3 - was tested on the growth, physiology and nutrient uptake of Rosamultiflora Thunb. ex J. Murr. cv. Burr (rose)”
e3“Inoculation with AMF enhanced plant tolerance to HCO - 3 as indicated by greater plant growth, leaf elemental uptake (N, P, K, Ca, Fe, Zn, Al, Bo), leaf chlorophyll content, higher mycorrhizal inoculation effect (MIE), lower root iron reductase activity, and generally lower wall-bound ACP (at 2.5 m m HCO 3 - ), and higher soluble ALP (at 10 m m HCO 3 - )”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with AMF increased soluble ALP in rose at 10 mM bicarbonate.
- Taxon
- Rosa multiflora cv. BurrRosa multiflorat0
- Treatment
- Inoculation with AMFe3
- Interactor
- Glomus ZAC-19e1symbiont
- Outcome
- soluble ALPe3
- Direction
- highere3
- Qualifier
- at 10 m m HCO 3 -e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rosa multiflora cv. Burr”
e1“The ability of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF; Glomus ZAC-19) to enhance plant tolerance to HCO 3 - was tested on the growth, physiology and nutrient uptake of Rosamultiflora Thunb. ex J. Murr. cv. Burr (rose)”
e3“Inoculation with AMF enhanced plant tolerance to HCO - 3 as indicated by greater plant growth, leaf elemental uptake (N, P, K, Ca, Fe, Zn, Al, Bo), leaf chlorophyll content, higher mycorrhizal inoculation effect (MIE), lower root iron reductase activity, and generally lower wall-bound ACP (at 2.5 m m HCO 3 - ), and higher soluble ALP (at 10 m m HCO 3 - )”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing bicarbonate concentration reduced AMF colonization of rose roots.
- Taxon
- Rosa multiflora cv. BurrRosa multiflorat0
- Treatment
- Increasing HCO - 3 concentratione4
- Interactor
- AMFe4symbiont
- Outcome
- AMF colonizatione4
- Direction
- reducede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rosa multiflora cv. Burr”
e4“While AMF colonization (arbuscules, vesicles, and hyphae formation) was reduced by increasing HCO - 3 concentration, colonization still occurred at high HCO - 3”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF colonization still occurred in rose at high bicarbonate concentration.
- Taxon
- Rosa multiflora cv. BurrRosa multiflorat0
- Interactor
- AMFe4symbiont
- Outcome
- colonization still occurrede4
- Qualifier
- at high HCO - 3e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rosa multiflora cv. Burr”
e4“While AMF colonization (arbuscules, vesicles, and hyphae formation) was reduced by increasing HCO - 3 concentration, colonization still occurred at high HCO - 3”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF-inoculated rose plants at 2.5 mM bicarbonate had growth comparable to plants at 0 mM bicarbonate.
- Taxon
- Rosa multiflora cv. BurrRosa multiflorat0
- Treatment
- At 2.5 m m HCO 3 -e5
- Interactor
- AMFe5symbiont
- Outcome
- AMF plant growthe5
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede5
- Comparator
- plants at 0 m m HCO 3 -e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rosa multiflora cv. Burr”
e5“At 2.5 m m HCO 3 - , AMF plant growth was comparable to plants at 0 m m HCO 3 - , further indicating the beneficial effect of AMF for alleviation of HCO 3 - stress”
The same questions in other papers
hydrogencarbonate · soil: biology · Rosa multiflora (Japanese rose)Results agree
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- negative
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hydrogencarbonate · growth · Rosa multiflora (Japanese rose)Results agree
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- positive
- positive
mycorrhiza · growth · Rosa multiflora (Japanese rose)Results agree
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inoculation · growth · Rosa multiflora (Japanese rose)Results agree
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- positive
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inoculation · physiology: pigments · Rosa multiflora (Japanese rose)Results agree
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- positive
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mycorrhiza · physiology: pigments · Rosa multiflora (Japanese rose)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.